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Types of Stigma Intervention, #MeToo Movement Women highlight their…
Types of Stigma Intervention
Contact:
Direct interaction with people who have experienced living with a mental illness
Allport's Theory of intergroup contact (1954)
Interaction between different groups reduces conflict, prejudice + discrimination between these groups
Deutsch + Collins (1951)
Desegregation in the USA
White people living in same housing blocks as black people reported lower levels of stigma towards black neighbours compared to white people living separately from black people
Black people felt more positive emotions towards white neighbours than they previously had
Pettigrew (1998)
Optimal conditions for contact interventions include:
Equality
Common goals
Co-operation rather than competition
Approval of authority
Vinson et al (2016)
Examined the effects of 2 types of contact intervention in reducing stigma
In-person contact: African American man discussing his experiences with mental illness and psychotherapy
Video contact: Same session as above but pre-recorded
158 ppts assigned to conditions
Stigma measured immediately before, after and after 2 weeks
Found stigma + help-seeking attitudes improved in both conditions equally
Protests:
Suppress stigmatising attitudes about mental illness
Asda Mental Illness Patient Costume
Social media outrage over Asda selling offensive Halloween costume
Responses included pictures of people in normal clothes - Shows mental illness is not a Halloween costume, mental illness is not to be taken lightly
Newspaper articles (e.g. The Guardian 'Asda, offensive halloween costumes and mental health stigma)
Asda responded by apologising, removed costume + donated money to Mind (mental health charity)
E.g. Marches, public boycotts, letter writing, social media
Less researched
Corrigan et al (2001)
Aimed to improve attitudes to mental illness in 152 community college students
Compared contact, education, protest, + no intervention
Findings:
Contact intervention = most successful
Education = some success
Protest = no improvement in attitudes
Reasons for findings:
Psychological reactance - People are less likely to comply with a request if they perceive it as limiting their freedom/choices
Rebound effect - People ordered to suppress negative stereotypes become more sensitised to them
Education:
Replace myths about mental illness with accurate concepts
Ahuja et al (2017)
Aimed to improve attitudes towards people with mental illness among 50 young college students
2 hour intervention including combined education + contact interventions
Measures of stigma collected immediately before and after + one week later
Found attitudes improved significantly after + remained so 1 week later
Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes study (Jane Elliott)
Ppts sorted into blue-eyed + brown-eyed group
Ppts in blue-eyed group harassed by Elliott and brown-eyed group
E.g. Wear neck collars, brown-eyed ppts discriminated blue-eyed ppts for 1 day, brown-eyed ppts received half answers on mock intelligence test, harsh criticism, ridiculed
Findings
Found impact on
negative view of self
Found
negative
impact on
views of others
(e.g. Blue-eyed people are naughty because ppt hit his sister)
Fighting/discord between groups
Impact on performance of tasks - Discriminated group did worse
Steps for designing an intervention
Find out what we
already know
Go to
source
Ask people with mental illness/ adolescents/ teachers etc
Design +
pilot test
intervention
Adapt if need to
Conduct intervention in
enough settings
(e.g. schools, companies)/ with
enough ppts
(measure before + after)
Analyse
results
Does it work?
Reasons
for results
Other possible factors?
#MeToo Movement
Women highlight their personal experiences of being sexually harassed/assaulted