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BIOCATALYSIS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Act as biological catalysts to increase the rate of biochemical reactions
        
        Do not change structurally and chemically after a reaction/ reusable
        
        Highly specific for a particular substrate in a reaction
        
        Required in small amount
        
        Lower the activation energy of a reaction by bringing the substrates into contact with one another.
        
        May catalyse reversible or irreversible reactions
        
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  - - - Transferases
        
        Oxidoreductases
        
        Hydrolases
        
        Isomerases
        
        Ligases
        
        Lyases
  - - - Lock and key
      - Induced Fit Model
        
        Enzyme collides with substrate
        
        Substrate binds to the active site of enzyme
        
        The binding induces a slight change in the conformation of the enzyme
        
        Active site become fully complementary with substrate to form enzyme-substrate complex
        
        Reaction takes place and converts the substrate to the products to form enzyme-product complex
        
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    - - -Bringing substrate molecules come together in correct orientation
        
        -Facilitates breakage/formation of bonds
- - - - Non protein organic molecule
      - Bind loosely and temporarily to the enzyme
      - Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins
      - Act as carrier of hydrogen atoms,electron as molecule
    - - Non-protein organic molecules
      - Binds tightly and permanently to the enzyme
      - Act as carriers and transfer groups of atoms/electrons from 1 molecule to another
    - - Inorganic ion
      - Bind temporarily (either loosely or tightly) to the enzyme
      - Change enzyme active site
      - Bind the enzyme and substrate together
      - Increase the rate of reaction
- - - - Competitive inhibitors
        
        It competes with the substrate for the same active sites
        
        The inhibitor may have similar structure with substrate
        
        The inhibitor bind to active site
      - Non-competitive inhibitors
        
        Inhibitors and substrate are not competing for the same sites
        
        The inhibitor bind to the enzyme allosteric site