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Volcano Case Studies - Coggle Diagram
Volcano Case Studies
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Nevado del Ruiz
25,000 people died, VEI = 3
20% of the snow + ice cap on volcano melted into pyroclastic flows. Lahars formed (heading towards Armero) 50m thick and travelled 60kmh^-1 down existing river valley
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Background = civil war, government weren't engaged with volcano knowledge
Eruption like this happened in 1841, so scientist and government knew what was going to happen - even constructed a Hazard map (though there was an issue with colour printing so people couldn't read it)
because of communication errors and poor education, people weren't warned/ evacuated in time. Lightening at 23.00, government told people to go back to sleep, after an hour, Armero was under mud from a lahar
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Hotspots (Hawaii)
Moved northwest direction over a plume around 10cm a year, hot spot 200 miles across, existed for 70mln years - sharp bend in the chain of volcanoes, this shows a change in direction of plate movement 45 mln years ago
Mauna Loa (sheild volcano) 17km volcano height - fissure eruptions where lava erupts from several points/ vents simultaneously. There's lava lakes and lava fountains.
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