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Recombinant DNA Technology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Method
        
        Involves the transferrance of a gene into a host cell using a vector. Before inserting the DNA fragments into a host cell, a promoter and a terminator region need to be added to the start and the end of the gene, respectively.
      - Gene Markers
        
        Flourescent
        
        Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can determine and localise the position of targeted genes, by releasing fluorescence when it reaches the required gene, making it visible when observed
        
        Antibacterial Resistance
        
        Selectable markers are often antibiotic resistance genes. An antibiotic resistance marker is a gene that produces a protein that provides cells expressing this protein with resistance to an antibiotic
      - Sticky Ends
        
        Sticky ends are an end of a DNA double helix at which a few unpaired nucleotides of one strand extend beyond the other.
    - - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
        
        PCR is the rapid process of creating new DNA strands from DNA fragments, nucleotids, primers and DNA polymerase. To begin with, the thermocycler heats up to 95 degrees celsius. This allows the hydrogen bonds in the DNA fragments to be destroyed between bases. The thermocycler then cools to around 55 degrees celsius. This allows the primers to anneal, and prepare the DNA ends for DNA synthesis. The thermocyccler then reaches 72 degrees celsius and DNA polymerase acts upon the ends of the DNA, creating a new DNA strand.
- - - - Gel Electrophoresis
        
        Gel electrophoresis is a technique used widely in the analysis of DNA, RNA and proteins. During electrophoresis the molecules are separated according to their size / mass and their net (overall) charge
      - DNA hybridisation describes the combination of a section of DNA with a single-stranded piece of DNA that contains complementary sequences.
  - - - Personalised Medicine
        
        Personalised medicines are individualised to the patient's DNA. As genes play a role in how a person responds to a drug, different people may have different reactions to the same type of drug.
      - Genetic counseling gives you information about how genetic conditions might affect you or your family
- - - - Although it can't really tell you exactly who committed a crime, it can be used to help narrow down a list of suspects based on how well their DNA matches the samples that were found at the crime scene
    - - By studying the DNA fingerprints of relatives who have a history of some particular disorder, or by comparing large groups of people with and without the disorder, it is possible to identify DNA patterns associated with the disease in question.
    - - The report shows the genetic profiles of each tested person. If there are markers shared among the tested individuals, the probability of biological relationship is calculated to determine how likely the tested individuals share the same markers due to a blood relationship
    - - DNA fingerprinting can make the selection process more precise. If DNA markers are known for the genes A, B, or C, then DNA fingerprinting can accurately measure the genotype to ensure that the breeder correctly identifies homozygous (AA, BB, or CC) and heterozygous (Aa, Bb, or Cc) individuals.