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Neuropsychiatry - Coggle Diagram
Neuropsychiatry
Neurobiological Basis
Monoamines and Depression
Result of Many things: Monoamine deficiency, Receptor upregulation
Schizophrenia and Dopamine Pathways
Increased upregulation of dopamine in certain areas of the brain leads to positive symptoms of psycosis
Decreased pathways to DLPFC leads to negative symtpoms
Decreased to VMPFC leads to affective symptoms
Medication idnuced movement disorder
Dopamine through nigrostriatal pathway
Substance Use disorders
Increased dopamine release as a result of mesolimbic pathway
Relationship between brain and behavior
Frontal Lobe
Cognitive functions
Language, emotion, executive function
Behavioural Functions
Persevation, motivation, personality changes, disinhibition, loss of social graces, loss of empathy, social judgement
Motor functions
Sequencing, walking diffiuclty
Parietal, Occipital, Temporal Lobes
Cognitive
Language, unabel to understand emotion, visuospatial problems
Bheavioural
Unaware of disability, impaired face recognition, dressing problems
Motor
Contralateral hemiparalysis
Sensory
Contralateral sensory loss
Frontal Cortical - Subcortical Paradox
Lesions are localized, functions are not
Dysfunction in frontal corticla and subcortical regions may present with identical bneurobheavioural sings even thought htey are anatomically distinct regions
Neural functions relflect actions and interactions of various neural circuits
They are anatomyically mediated, bu t not anatomyically localized
Cortical Lesions
Cognitive: Aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, Executive dysfunction, memory deficits
Emotion: Dysprodia
Behavioural: Depression, apathy, lack of self awareness, impaired face recognition
Motor: Contralateral hemiparalysis
Sensory: Contralateral sensory impairment
Subcortical Lesions
Cognitive: Executive dysfunction, memory deficits
Behavioural: Depression, apathy, flat affect
Motor: Slow spech, gait disturbance, dysarthria, rigidity, cogwheelings, dyskinesia
Functional Neuroanatomy
Limbic System
5 Main structures involved
Amydala: Emotion Regulation, Hippocampus: memory formation, Nucleus Accumbens/Ventral tegmentum - Reward pathways, Hypothalamus: Basic body functions, Frontal lobes