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IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES, image, image, image, image, image, image…
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
CAUSES
Rivalry between industrialised countries
Competed
to guarantee a supply of raw materials
To secure trade routes
To obtain political prestige
Intense population growth
More emigration
Between 1871 and 1911
33 million Europeans left the continent
Industrial development
New raw materials recquired
were very far away from Europe
New consumer markets
all over the world
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world
with a feeling of racial superiority
Religious missions
organised to evangelise the colonised peoples
Scientific missions to explore new territories
ORIGIN
Last third of the 19th century
European states expanded
colonising territories all over the world
A large number of territories
became controlled by European powers
MOTHER COUNTRY
Imperialist state on which a colony depended
Held all aspects of power:
Political
Military
Economic
Social
Cultural.
1914
British Empire
the most extensive
followed by the French Empìre
Controlled almost a quarter of the world
CONSEQUENCES
The construction of artificial borders
The way in which territories were divided
Based on the interests of the occupying powers and not on local factors
So that's the reason of this contrsuction
dividing tribes and ethnic groups
or joining them together
This would result in conflicts
Inequialities
Inequalities in the global production of goods
Colonies
produced cheap raw material
Mother countries
Manufactured and sold industrial products of higher added value
Violence
leading to atrocities
Colonisation altered the social structure of the indigenous populations
New social order
Racial discrimination against the indigenous
Resulted in the breakdown of the traditional tribal society.
Advances in industrialised countries
Medicine
Law
Not everybody enjoyed them
Administration
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
COLONIALISM
System in which the mother country exploited the colonies according to its interests
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
1885
Berlin West Africa Conference
To decide how Africa would be divided amongst the European powers
Germany
feared that it would miss its opportunity for colonial expansion
Because of its late unification
British
wanted to establish a large belt of colonies
France
controlled the Sahara and its bordering countries
Portugal
controlled large inland areas
wanted to establish corridors
from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the Indian Ocean coast of Africa
COLONISATION OF ASIA
Indian Peninsula
was colonised by the British
France
took control of Indochina and Great Britain of Malaysia
China
also felt the effects of imperialist pressures from Europe and the USA
Had to
Cede control of its mines
Allow areas of importance for foreign trade to be divided between the colonists
Open up ports
British
Took advantage of the Chinese authorities’ initial tolerance of opium
smuggled the drug to make large amounts of money
to the detriment of the population’s health
First Opium War (1839–1842)
Chinese rebelled
defeated by the British
Treaty of Nanking (1842)
Hong Kong became a British royal colony
BOXER REBELLION (1899–1901)
The aim was to expel the colonists
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
United States
began numerous military interventions throughout the American continent
To defend its economic and strategic interests
Therefore annexed
The Hawaiian Islands
several Pacific archipelagos
the Panama Canal
the Philippines
Puerto Rico
Cuba
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Protectorates
Mother country
Decided not to intervene in local politics
Only control
Economic matters
Foreign relations
Example:
British in India
France and Spain in Morocco
Dominions
Own institutions and great autonomy
Example:
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Colonies
Mother country
Control all aspects of the country
Example:
the Congo, controlled by the Belgians
France in Indochina
