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Discourse_Analysis-1024x576, Spoken discourse: models of analysis,…
Form
Deals with grammar.
Lexicon.
Phonology.
Intonation.
Pitch.
Juncture.
Funtion
Based on the fact
can use the language
practically
usefully
for any purpose.
Definition
It is an approach to the study
Importance
Must be keep up-to-date with developments within their field.
Historical review
Zelling Harris in 1952 .
Published a paper with the title of
The linguistic
philosophers
sudr as:
Austin (1962)
Grice (1965)
Searle (1969)
Developed his functional
approach to language
and the work based on the
Prague School of Linguistics.
Started in the 1960s
as part of several
fields like:
Other British
authors are:
Sinclair and
Coulthard (1975).
developed a model
for the description of
Teacher-pupil talk
Relationships between
doctor-patient.
Interviews, debates, etc.
Contribution of the
American authors like:
Gumperz and Hymes (1972)
Goffman (1976)
Schegloff and
Jefferson (1974)
based on conversational etiquette.
Other authors
Van Dijk (1972)
Beaugrande (1980
Halliday and
Hasan (1976).
Contributed to the
development of D.A.
D.A. has had a long way
has been very
positive for
Speech acts and discourse structures
The scope of discourse analysis
Key words
Text
Context
Conversation Analysis
Textual Analysis
Social Interaction
Pragmatics
Power Dynamics
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
Ideology
Discursive Practices
Genre Analysis
Intertextuality
Identity Construction
Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Ethnography of Communication
Speech Community
Turn-Taking
Meta-discourse
Discourse Markers
Semiotics
Conversations outside the classroom
Speakers support and complete one
another's moves,
Sub-components
Other features in the conversation (intonation, gesture, etc :
RANK SCALE
Transaction
Exchange
Move
Act
Vary in their degree of structuredness
People are more or less equals in
this piece of interaction
It is not merely a question and answer session; sometimes they inform each other and acknowledge information
But their talk is not disorganised
Text and interpretation
markers and signals
particular semantic
-s, es, and ies
plurals
based on
the reader´s
no writer's
Interpretation
set of procedures
analysis of text
mental activities
called procedural
role of the reader
active building
activate knowledge
make inferences
assess interpretation
hs/her experience
to process texts
textual patterns
phrases
clauses
sentences
group of sentences
textual segments
functional relations
two texts
Larger patterns in text
clause-relational
patterns in text
problem-solution
extremely common
culturally ingrained
response-evaluation
final sentences
all elements
well-formed text
signposting
signalled
grammatical
subordination
lexical
parallelism
simple texts
emerged patterns
concoted text
adversative relation
conjunction (but)
backward lexical
forward reference
Talk as social activity
could be
Formal
Predictability
Who speaks
asks, responds, interrupts
Informal
Active participation
Complexity
structure of conversation
Reader Activity
Exchange and Boundaries Analysis
Initiating moves
Responding moves
Follow up moves
Speech Acts
Explicit
Questions
Replies
Comments
Complexity in Multi-Participant Dialogue
Intricacies
Involvement
Comparative Structure Evaluation
Tightly Organized
Formal
Classroom
Additional Analytical Challenges
Analyzing
Transcript
Structured Conversations
Observation of Specific Context
University Lecturer
Bar
Ordering drinks
Communication
serves as social activity
Scenarios like teacher-student or doctor-patient talks, roles are easily predicted.
Written Discourse
Challenges of Written Texts
Absence
Simultaneous
Reflection
Well-formed
Norms and Rules
Recurring Principles
Hierarchy
Insights
Application
Language Teaching
Grammatical Regularities
Cohesion
Well-formed
Cohesive Features
Example
telephone-related text
Spoken discourse: models of analysis
The structure of discourse in school classroom
The Birmingham is a relatively simple and powerful
model
The talk could be seen
to conform to highly structured sequences
A rigid pattern is very structured and formal
Teachers and pupils
Sinclair and Coulthard call this unit an exchange
An answer
Six thirty
Response
Also, someone responds,
whether in words or action
A comment
Thanks
Follow-up
The patterns of such
exchanges may vary from culture to culture
A question
What time is it?
Initiation
Also, it can be a statement, a question or a command
Discourse Structures:
Speech Acts
Illocutionary Act
Perlocutionary Act
Locutionary Act
Felicitous Speech Act
Infelicitous Speech Act
Constative Speech Act
Performative Speech Act
Declarative Speech Act
Expressive Speech Act
Directive Speech Act
Commissive Speech Act
Assertive Speech Act
Interrogative Speech Act
Performative Verb
Key words
Discourse
Coherence
Cohesion
Anaphora
Cataphora
Transition
Topic Sentence
Thematic Progression
Given-New Information
Connectives
Discourse Markers
Anadiplosis
Parallelism
Ellipsis
Rhetorical Structure
