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12.4 Respiration without oxygen - Coggle Diagram
12.4 Respiration without oxygen
Without oxygen, there is no final electron acceptor
The electron transport chain stops functioning
NADH and FADH2 cannot lose their electrons to become NAD and FAD
Krebs cycle cannot work since no NAD or FAD
Ethanol fermentation
Pyruvate to ethanal to ethanol
Ethanal acts as final electron acceptor
Ethanol is a waste product
Ethanol is formed via alcohol dehydrogenase
Lactate fermentation
Pyruvate to lactate
Pyruvate acts as final electron acceptor
Lactate is formed via lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate can be returned to pyruvate and fed into Krebs cycle
Lactate can be converted to glycogen and stored
Rice
Adaptations for aerobic respiration
Gases such as oxygen can diffuse through the aerenchyma to parts of the plant that are underwater, providing the cells there with oxygen for aerobic respiration
Stems and roots contain loosely packed cells, making up a tissue called aerenchyma
Grows quickly during flooding so leaves and therefore stomata are always held above the water, allowing gas exchange to occur
Adaptations for anaerobic respiration (ethanol fermentation)
Rice root cells produce more ethanol dehydrogenase so can break down ethanol
Rice root cells are more tolerant of ethanol produced by ethanol fermentation than other plants