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Human rights - A level Geography OCR B - Coggle Diagram
Human rights - A level Geography OCR B
Intervention
Definition: Actions by a state, groups of states or international organisations in a foreign territory to end violations of human rights.
Ways of intervention
Military force
economic sanctions
Assistance of NGOs
Humanitarian intervention
UN peacekeepers
Designed to solve conflicts in both countries - those solving and violating
Impartial military to only keep peace
Mostly come from LIDCs
Not just military people - can be police or trained strategists
DRC
- 4 years ago
Not popular with citizens - military are still killing
Government doesn't have complete control over DRC
2 decades of civil war
Wants UN to leave by 2024
Will cause problems such as no shelter, food and various other aids
Protests against UN peacekeepers
Humanitarian intervention
A type of military intervention - UN is the only body who can legally authorise use of force
Effective in stopping violations
Benefits for local communities
Can contribute to stability in government
Can have negative consequences - population displacement, death and injuries
Can also increase further human rights issues, injustices etc
Women's rights
UN conventions
CEDAW aims to outlaw gender discrimination
International treaties, recommendations and declarations are set out by governments to protect the rights of women
NGOs working within local comminities to resolve these issues
India
Exploitation of women
Rape is often used as a wepon of war
Darfur - Sudan warzone since 2003 - NGO reported 9,300 rapes
Kidnapping - Boko Haram insurgency began in 2009 to rebel Nigerian government
Global Governance
Definition: Intervention by the global community, attempting to regulate issues such as human rights
Stratagies
NGOs and human rights activits
International/national laws
Treaties/conventions
UN peacekeeping missions
Humanitarian/military intervention
Examples of violations
Segregation
No right to vote
Tourture
Employment opportunities based on race
Permission to get married
Limited education opportunities
No right to vote
Definition: Co-operation between organisations at scales from global to local - often in partnership
Afghanistan
NATO
Went in in 2001 with 130,000 troops
50 NATO countries involved
Jan 2015 - launched Resolute Support
HRDA
Founded in 2002 with focus to relief alongside productive and sustainable economic changes in Afghan Society
Vision of making Afghan a more developed and prosperous place to live
Mission is to bring change to vulnerable lives and those in marginalised groups
Context
Allied forces sent to Afghan to rid of Taliban and put a democratic government in power
92% of population are faced with some level of food insecurity
Some regions are facing famine
Originated in the Cold War
Taliban
2013/14 gained power and support from rural areas
2011 - Bin Laden killed seeing decrease in Taliban
Afghan civilians lost funding from US causing Taliban to be more corrupt and stronger
UN
Work with and support goverrnment
Support the process of peace and reconciliation
Protect civilians in armed conflict
Monitor and promote human rights
Democratic republic of Congo
Human rights issues
All linked to civil war, povert and corruption
Disappearances
Torture
Rape
Limited access of health care and education
Child recruitment by military groups
People trafficking
Rights for women
Infant and maternal mortality
Global governance strategies
UN stablisation taking over peacekeeping mission
Military presence at borders
DRC government working with UN to improve factors such as governance
NGOs
OHCHR - human rights issues
UNICEF - Primary education
WHO - Ebola and measles outbreaks
CARE - reduce mortality, strengthen global governance, improve gender inequality