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Biochemistry - Coggle Diagram
Biochemistry
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
compounds of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Generic structure: Cn(H2O)2
produced by plants
with photosynthesis
consumed by animals
used for energy and
structural components
get digested with
hydrolysis reactions
Can be classified as
Simple carbohydrates
Disaccarides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Glattose
Fructose
Complex carbohydrates
made from three
or more linked into a
a chain
oligosaccharides
polysaccharides
Storage
glycogen and starch
Support
cellulose and chitin
Proteins
made out of monomers
called amino-acids
20 amino-acids
joined with peptide bonds
polypeptide
long chain of amino-acids
peptide
amino-acids bonded togheter
structure
primary
determined by the
sequence of amino acids
secondary
depends if the protein is
folded
straight
functions
Structure
collagen and keratin
Motor proteins
convert chemical energy to mechanical energy
ex: myosin and actin
Immonoglobulin and antibodies
are involved in the immune responses
Receptors
responsible for signal detection and translation
Signalling proteins
involved into signaling translation process
Storage proteins
contain energy
ex: albumin and casein
Transport proteins
they transport chemicals
ex: heamoglobin
Hormones
regulate the various processes
proteins get digested from
the stomach acids
Denaturation
weakening of the bonds that maintain
the molecule three dimentional
Lipids
Insoluble in water
Roles
structural components
celle membrane
messengers
steroid hormones
Storage for metabolic energy
tryglicerides
Fats and Oils
Tryglicerides
fatty acids
Saturated
single bonds
Insaturated
at least one double bond
glycerol
Compound lipids
phospholipids
have a similar structure to tryglicerides
but have a phosphate group
glycolipids
Sterol Cholesterol
component of cell membranes and hormones
Waxes
formed by long chain fatty acid bonded
to a long chain alcohol
protectuve coverings of plants and animals
Nucleic acids
smallest biomolecules by mass
but largest single molecules
DNA and RNA
store and transfer genetic information
DNA
Desoxyribonucleic acid
Contains the information about the sequence of amino acids
the information gets copied in another nucleic acid
mRNA
messenger RNA
takes the shape of a "double helix"
Composed of units called Nucleotides
composed by
sugar
desoxyribose in DNA
ribose inRNA
phosphate group
base
guanine
cytosine
adenine
thymine in DNA
uracil in RNA
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
it gets produced by building a complementary
nucleotide chain from one strand of DNA
this chain contains the information for producing proteins
each three letter code in mRNA is a codon
each codon matches with an amino-acid
ATP
Adenoside triphosphate
nucleotide used in energetic reactions as temporary energy storage
has helped in many
advances such as
agricolture
protection of
the environment
medicine
cure for deseases such as
Cancer and AIDS
explores the chemical
processes in living beings
from it many other disciplines derive
genetics
each one of us has a
genetic finger print
forensics
microbiology
plant science