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fym002 - Coggle Diagram
fym002
periodic trends
group 1
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
1 valence electron
tend to form ionic compounds
water soluble
reactivity increases down the group
group 2
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
less reactive
higher melt point
Be forms mostly covalent compounds
group 14
usually covalent bonds
group 17
F, Cl, Br, I, At
diatomic
volatile
form gaseous covalent hydrides
reactivity decreases
group 18
noble gases
transition metals
shells and orbitals
s - 2
1 and 2
round
p - 6
3-8
dumbell
d - 10
transition
two dumbells, or dumbell and doughnut
f - 14
weirdos
bonding
ionic
high melt and boil point
water soluble
conduct electricity
shatter easily
between metal and non metal
covalent
non metals
low melt
low soluble
not conductors
dot and cross
water
moles
mass = mol x Mr
mol = con x Vol
particle no = mol x Avogadros
enthalpy
change in enthalpy = sum of enthalpies of products - sum of enthalpies of reactants
total anergy of reactants = total energy of products + energy lost/gained
exothermic is heat being given out
acid-base theory
lewis
acids accept h ions
bases react producing salt and water
bases donate h ions
bronstead lowry
acids donate protons
bases accept
strength
strong acids are completely ionized in solution
weak acids are incompletely ionized in solution
yield
actual/theoretical x 100
isotopes
isotopic mass = ((mass x %) + (mass x %)) / 100
how acid?
pH
pH = -log (conc of H+)
of a weak acid: conc/initial conc
emperical formula
% comp / Mr
standard room temp is 20C/293K pressure is 1 bar