GERD

Anatomy of Upper GI

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Physiology of swallowing

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causes of dysphagia

mechanical obstruction

Functional obstruction

Atresia

stenosis

Esophageal ring

Achalasia

GERD

Esophagitis

Risk factors

Obesity

Pregnancy

Smoking

Causes

Being overweight

Aspirin use

. Symptoms

Upper abdominal or chest pain

Trouble swallowing

Heart burn

Investigations

Esophageal Manometry

Barium Swallow

Endoscopy

Empirical PPL test

Management

Lifestyle modification

Weight loss

smoking elimination

sleeping in chair

Pharmacological mangement

Antacids

alginic acid

Promotility agents

Complications

esophagitis

esophageal stricture

Barrett’s esophagus

H. Pylori

Microbiology

Rod curved gram negative Bacteria

Very Motile

Grow at body temperature - 37 C

Treatment

Amoxicillin

Clarithromycin

Proton pump inhibitors

Pathophysiology of Barrett esophagus

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Progression of esophageal cancer

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Tumours

Esophagus

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Stomach

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