GERD
Anatomy of Upper GI
Physiology of swallowing
causes of dysphagia
mechanical obstruction
Functional obstruction
Atresia
stenosis
Esophageal ring
Achalasia
GERD
Esophagitis
Risk factors
Obesity
Pregnancy
Smoking
Causes
Being overweight
Aspirin use
. Symptoms
Upper abdominal or chest pain
Trouble swallowing
Heart burn
Investigations
Esophageal Manometry
Barium Swallow
Endoscopy
Empirical PPL test
Management
Lifestyle modification
Weight loss
smoking elimination
sleeping in chair
Pharmacological mangement
Antacids
alginic acid
Promotility agents
Complications
esophagitis
esophageal stricture
Barrett’s esophagus
H. Pylori
Microbiology
Rod curved gram negative Bacteria
Very Motile
Grow at body temperature - 37 C
Treatment
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Proton pump inhibitors
Pathophysiology of Barrett esophagus
Progression of esophageal cancer
Tumours
Esophagus
Stomach
Having caffeine