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Regenerating Places - Coggle Diagram
Regenerating Places
EQ 1: how & why do places vary?
Key idea 3: past & present connections have shaped the economic & social characteristics of your chosen place
Regional & national influences have shaped the characteristics of your chosen places. these places can be represented in a variety of different forms, giving contrasting images to that presented more formally & statistically. How the lives of students & those of others are affected by this continuity & change, both real & imagined
International & global influences that have shaped your chosen places. These places can be represented in a variety of different forms, giving contrasting images to that presented more formally & statistically. How the lives of students & those of others are affected by this continuity & changed, both real & imagined
Increasing role of TNCs & IGOs
Consideration of the way in which economic & social changes in your chosen places have influenced people's identity
Attitudes on changes range from cultural erosion to enrichment
Key idea 2: places have changed their function & characteristics over time
Over time, places have changed their functions & demographic characteristics
Administrative
Commercial
Retail
Industrial
Gentrification
Age structure
Ethnic composition
Reason for changes in a place might be explained by physical factors, accessibility & connectedness, historical development, & the role of local & national planning
Change can be measured using employment trends, demographic changes, land use changes, & levels of deprivation
Income deprivation
Employment deprivation
Health deprivation
Quality of the living environment
Abandoned & derelict land
Key idea 1: economies can be classified in different ways & vary from place to place
Economic activity can be classified by sector & also by type of employment
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Part-time / full-time
Temporary / permanent
Employed / self-employed
There are differences in economic activity & this is reflected through variation in social factors
Employment data & output data
Health
Life expectancy
Levels of education
The inequalities in pay levels across economic sectors & in different types of employment are reflected in quality of life indicies
EQ 2: why might regeneration be needed? :
Key idea 1: economic & social inequalities changes people's perceptions of an area
Successful regions have high rates of employment, inward migration, & low levels of multiple deprivation but also high property prices & skill shortages in both urban & rural areas
San Francisco Bay area
Internal & international
In some regions, economic restructuring has triggered a spiral of decline, which increasing increasing levels of social deprivation in both deindustrialised urban areas & rural settlements once dominated by primary economic activities
The Rust Belt (USA)
Education
Health
Crime
Access to services
Living environment
There are priorities for regeneration due to significant variations in both economic & social inequalities
Gated communitites
Commuter villages
'Sink estates'
Declining rural settlements
Key idea 2: there are significant variations in the lived experience of places & engagement with them
There are wide variations in levels of engagement in local communities
Local & national election turnout
Development
Support for local community groups
Lived experience of, & attachment to, places varies according to age, ethnicity, gender, length of residence & levels of deprivation; these in turn impact on levels of engagement
New migrants
Students
Conflicts can occur among contrasting groups in communities that have different views about the priorities & strategies for regeneration, these have complex causes
Lack of political engagement & representation
Ethnic tensions
Inequality
Lack of economic opportunity
Key idea 3: there is a range of ways to evaluate need for regeneration
The use of statistical evidence to determine the need for regeneration in your chosen local place
Different media can provide contrasting evidence, questioning the need for regeneration in your chosen local place
How different representations of your chose local place could influence the perceived need for regeneration
EQ 3: how is regeneration managed?
Key idea 3: rebranding attempts to represent areas as being more attractive by changing public perception of them
Rebranding involves re-imaging places using a variety of media to improve the image of both urban & rural locations & make them more attractive for potential investors
For UK deindustrialised cities, rebranding can stress the attraction of places, creating specific place identity building on their industrial heritage; this can attract national & international tourists & visitors
Glasgow 'Scotland with Style'
There are a range of rural rebranding strategies in the post-production countryside based on heritage & literary associations, farm diversification & specialised products, outdoor pursuits & adventure in both accessible & remote areas; these strategies are intended to make these places more attractive to national & international tourists & visitors
Brontë country
Kielder Forest
Key idea 1: UK government policy decisions play a key role in regeneration
Infrastructure investment in order to maintain growth & improve accessibility to regenerate regions
High speed rail
Airport development
National government facilitate regeneration often in partnerships with charities & developers
Rate & type of development affecting economic regeneration of both rural & urban regions
Government actions may prioritise national over local needs & opinions
National needs do not always align with local needs
Planning laws
House building targets
Housing affordability
Permission for 'fracking'
UK government decisions about international migration & the deregulation of capital markets have significant impacts on the potential for growth & both direct & indirect investment
Enabling foreign investment in prime London real estate
Government may create open or closed door policies
Key idea 2: local government policies aim to represent areas as being attractive for inward investment
Local governments compete to create sympathetic business environments with local plans designating areas for development for a range of domestic & foreign investors
Science parks
Technology parks
The actions of local authorities will affect their success
Local interest groups play a key role in decision-making about regeneration; there are often tensions between groups that wish to preserve environments & those that seek change
Chambers of Commerce
Local preservation societies
Trade unions
London Olympics 2012
Differing attitudes may cause conflicts
Urban & rural regeneration strategies include retail-led plants, tourism, leisure & sport, public / private rural diversification
London Olympics 2012
Powys Regeneration Partnership
EQ 4: how successful is regeneration?
Key idea 1: assessing the success of regeneration used a range of measures: economic, demographic, social & environmental
The success of economic regeneration can be assessed using measure of income, poverty & employment both within areas & by comparison to other more successful areas
Both relative & absolute changes
Social process can be measured by reductions in inequalities both between areas & within them; social process can also be measured by improvements in social measures of deprivation & in demographic changes
Improvements in life expectancy
Reductions in health deprivation
Regeneration is successful if it leads to an improvement in the living environment
Levels of pollution reduced
Reduction in abandoned & derelict land
Key idea 2: different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration
Key idea 3: different rural stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of rural regeneration