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(KEY CASES, DISADVANTAGES, ADVANTAGES, REFORM, GAMMON V HONG KONG (1984)) …
KEY CASES
Winzar :european_castle: (1985)
R v Howells (1977) :gun:
R v Prince 1875 :crown:
R v Hibbert 1869
DISADVANTAGES
Many defendants slide into the pitfalls of injustice which can be foreseen as harsh
Parliament's vagueness and ambiguity of specifcation leads to vaccums of missing legislation
Leads to Judges gaining more power, when they are undemocratically elected
Breaches Article 6 of the Human Rights 1998
ADVANTAGES
Ensures public safety and consumer protection against suspicious business practices
Improves Sanitary and hygience standards
Businesses are likely to enforce more vigilance to prevent negligent misconduct
Deterrence reducing time and cost to prove mens rea
REFORM
Less Authority towards Judges
Specified Legislation proposed by purposive approach
Criminal Liability (Mental Element) 1977
Injustices would be dealt with clarification
GAMMON V HONG KONG (1984)
Gammon Factors
Wording of Statue :capital_abcd:
Alpachell v Woodward (1972) :factory:
Social/Public Concern :silhouettes:
R v Blake (1997) :radio:
True Regulatory Crime :police_car:
Sweet v Parsley (1965) :candy:
Greater Vigilance :eye:
Callow v Tillstone (1900) :cow: