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Further Implications of Legislation - Coggle Diagram
Further Implications of Legislation
Group Areas Act (1950)
Sophiatown was the largest example, with population estimates as high as 60,000, other 70% living in conditions classed as slums and sheds as nearby neighbourhoods encroached
The 1950 act gave the government control over relocations, building a new township in Soweto, the Native Resettlement Act (1954) set eviction notices
It seemed that different races living harmoniously angered the government and Bantustan rhetoric were the causes, with final residents not leaving until 1959
Following forceful removals (1955-59) it became an all white suburb called Triomf in 1962 as an assertion of government resolve
Pass Laws / Native Laws Amendment Act (1952) -
Standardised the use of passes to control african migration at a local level, as it became rigorously enforced
Led to the Women's Pass Protest (1956) as african mothers with children would be deported and have to leave their children behind
A professor at Witwatersrand University stated the pass system was so complex no african could obey it if they wanted to, with just under a million arrests in the early 1950's
Bantu Education Act (1953)
Largely a result of the DNA and it's Eiselen commission in 1949 which provided recommendations for the "development of african education
Before NP victory there were 4360 mission schools, although white children received 16 times more funding, less than 33% of african children attended at all
It recommended a curriculum based on the limited skills needed to supply cheap labour and growth of political control by the DNA
Most churches complied with handing over their schools, though Bishop Reeves charged small fees of 50p a month but most parents couldn't afford
Boycotts of schools by those who didn't wish to be taught white superiority had their schools closed, politicising children by the lack of opportunities
Tomlinson Report
advised on developing the homelands, stated more land should be allocated, "betterment policies of soil erosion costing 100m should be introduced and industrial concerns be developed outside of them
This was broadly accepted, although they disliked delegating more land, funding or industry as it would undercut white competitors
Suppression of the Communism Act
Treason Trial (1956-91) - At a people's congress in Kliptown ( June 1955) representatives from different anti apartheid groups met to establish and sign a Freedom Charter demanding equal rights for all
In December 1956 156 attendees were arrested and charged with high treason, ending in 1961 with complete acquittal of all, including the entirety of senior ANC membership