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charles I, emmett garfield, EMMETT'S REVISION, emmett emmett emmett…
charles I, emmett garfield
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he was a lavish spender. he spent much on his lifestyle and expensive wars, The parliament did not like raising taxes for him.
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between 1625 and 1628, Charles dismissed parliament several times due to their opposition to Buckingham.
in 1628, Charles tried to increase tax, a group of MP's, led by john Pym, wrote a petition reminding the kind he could not do this.
just before parliament were going to arrest Buckingham, he was assassinated by a soldier. Charles was furious.
in 1629, parliament signed another petition against the king, Charles dissolved parliament again, this time for 11 years.
charles I was NOT catholic, but he thought the church of england was becoming too protistent
charles married the catholic daughter of the king of France. this worried parliament who thought he might make england catholic once more.
charles I became king in march 1625 following the death of his father, james I
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1633, he was appointed archbishop of canterbury, he made many changes to churches and church services
in 1637, three puritans were caught writing pamphlets against laud, he had thier ears cut off and imprisoned them.
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the road to civil war
1641
parliament strengthened by passing the triennial act which meant they had to meet every three years even if the king did not allow it.
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rebellion broke out in Ireland where the Catholics rose up against the protestants , parliament did not trust Charles to fight the rebels due to his catholic sympathies💣.
1642
4th Jan- Charles enters parl with 300 soldiers to arrest the 5 most rebellious MPs. however, they had already escaped along the river thames.
Charles actions enraged parl as he broke parliamentary privilege which stated no MP could be arrested in the house of commons, charles left london.
march - parliament pass a law allowing them to create their own army. it was passed without the kings approval
June- the nineteen propositions - meant parl had to approve all law changes and appointment of ministers. also gave parl control of the army.
some MPs became alarmed by this. parliament became divided and some MPs now openly supported the king
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august - Charles rode with his army to Nottingham. he called on his loyal subjects to fight with him against the rebels in parl. this was the beginning of the english civil war
1640
parliament refused to help and complained about charles, he dismissed parliament after just a month (known as the short parliament)
in November, his army is defeated by the Scots. this forces him to recall parliament. this was known as the long parliament as it was not dissolved until 1660
charles was forced to recall parliament, as he needed more money to fund wars against scotland and ireland
parliament arrested and executed the earl of Stafford. Stafford was an advisor of Charles', but was too blame for the problems in Ireland
archbishop laud was also arrested, but not executed until 1644
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the new model army
despite the moor victory, the parliamentarians were still disorganised, so in jan 1645 they formed the new model army
the army combined three armies into one, it had over 22,000 soldiers
the army was commanded by sir Thomas fair fax, with Oliver Cromwell in command of the cavalry and Phillip skippon the infantry. all three were experienced leaders.
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the battle of naseby, 14th june 1645
the battle
the royalists put their infantry in the middle, with their cavalry on both flanks. Charles stood with reserves in the rear, they had 9,000 men in total
the parliamentarians formed up in the same way but they had 13,000 men
the royalists advanced, prince Rupert's cavalry easily defeated half the parliamentarians cavalry, who retreated. prince Rupert's cavalry should have remained on the battlefield, but rode on to plunder the defeated parliamentarians
the infantry attacked. all the parliamentarians fled, except for one regiment, this gave the other regiments a chance to regroup
the rest of the cavalry charge. the parliamentarians under Cromwell command scatter the royalists. Cromwell then turns his cavalry towards the infantry
fairfax rallied some of his troops and got them to attack the royalist infantry. the royalists were surrounded and crushed.
prince rupert returned, but saw the situation and retreated. the king was persuaded to retreat with his reserves too.
consequences
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Charles then surrendered himself to Scottish forces in 1646, they turned him over to parliament
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background to battle
royalists seized Leicester in June 1645, to force the new model army away from the royalist stronghold at oxford
this was successful. the parliamentarians tried to retake Leicester and the two armies met at naseby in leicestershire
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prince rupert advised charles not to fight, but he ignored this
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