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The Principles of Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism that are…

- - - - Mastering early steps before moving to more complex levels of performance. Sequencing of instruction and mastery learning are some of the applications in ID. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.49)
        
        4. Reinforcement.Tangible rewards and informative/specific feedback are the applications in ID. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.49)
        
        Use of cues, shaping and practice to ensure a strong stimulus-response association. Scaffolding practice and prompting are the applications in ID. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.50)
        
        Sequencing and organizing knowledge
- - - - 3. Structuring, organizing, and sequencing information to facilitate optimal processing. Outlining, summarizing, synthesizing, and advanced organizers are some of the applications in ID.(Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.53)
        
        Creating learning environments that allow and encourage students to make connections with previously learned material. Recalling of prerequisite skills, use of relevant examples, and analogies are some of the applications in ID. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.53)
        
        facilitate problem solving
- - - - 3.The need for information to be presented in a variety of different ways. revisiting content at different times, for different purposes, and from different perspectives is an application in ID. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.58)
        
        4. Supporting problem-solving skills that goes beyond and above the information given. Developing pattern recognition skills, presenting alternative ways of representing problems are the application in ID. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.58)
        
        5. Assessment focused on transfer of knowledge and skills. Presenting new problems and situations that differ from the conditions of the initial instruction. (Ertmer & Newby, 2013, p.58)
        
        revisiting previous learning to build new knowledge.