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Plato Vs Aristotle - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The sun - universal symbol of truth, knowledge and goodness
      - The cave - a sensory and superficial world in which we react to our senses
      - Chains - Anything that keeps the individual from having the freedom to learn
      - Prisoners - All individuals as souls trapped in a sensory world
      - Rough ascent - The process of abandoning old beliefs and accepting new ones
      - Outside world - The higher level of understanding
      - The shadows - Our everyday sensory experiences
      - Escaped prisoner - The philosopher who attempts to pursue the truth and searches for knowledge
      - Return and rejection - The philosopher who tries to educate others but is persecuted
    - - Epistemology (how we gain knowledge) - We must go beyond our comfort zone and what we usually accept in order to gain knowledge about the ream of the forms and we must use reason and not our senses
      - Politics - The philosopher is the only one who has the knowledge and power to rule. Democracy is bad as it gives power to the majority who don't have knowledge.
      - Metaphysics - The realm of appearances is not real. The realm of the forms is real as it is purely rational and does not pretend on sense experience.
      - Ethics - Only the philosopher who sees the Forms of Good can understand what goodness is and no one else can.
    - - Strengths:
        
        It explains why we all recognise the same essential elements in something as they have bits of a Form
        
        However Wittgen Stien rejects this idea due to the idea of Family Resemblance Theory which states that our ideas just have overlapping characteristics
        
        Helps us understand all the evils and imperfections in the world around us as we merely live in the real of appearances
        
        It encourages us to learn and to not accept things as face value and to question things.
      - Weaknesses:
        
        Plato never provides a reason as to why the 2 realms exist
        
        Dawkins said "it is nonsense to talk about another world beyond the physical
        
        Aristotle says that it is difficult to imagine ideal forms of negatives like jealousy and hate
        
        Some things like plants have so many different versions of them so is there a perfect version of each one or just a perfect plant
        
        You must believe in the soul for the theory to have any meaning
        
        It does not explain the connection between the two worlds
        
        It is unclear how to make the journey between the two realms
        
        He says that if you have a learning disability that you cannot be a good person
        
        Karl Popper said Plato wants to find certainty in an uncertain world and just because he wants it doesn't mean he has to create a whole second realm for certainty to exist
  - - - Plato believed that this is the realm of the world we live in now and it is imperfect because we gain knowledge through our senses instead of our reason
      - This is represented by the Cave in his Cave analogy
      - He says there is a perfect form of everything in the realm of the appearances in the realm of the forms
      - He also believed that because everything in the world is constantly changing so we can never gain true and certain knowledge
    - - Plato believed the realm of the forms is a perfect version of our world which isn't changing and can only be perceived through reason.
      - The forms can be perfect versions of things or versions of qualities like beauty or mercy
      - For Plato the most important form was the form of the good as it illuminates and gives value to all the other forms
  - - - appetite
      - emotion
      - Reason
        
        Reason from the soul guides the other two
- - - - It overcomes the problem of infinite regression
      - It removes the need for an unseen world
      - It relies on the natural world which makes it more understandable and reliable than an invisible world
      - His ideas laid the ground work for scientific advancements in the future
      - His combination of reason and sense to gain knowledge could be seen as the best way
      - His ideas about cause and effect were ground breaking and paved the way for future philosophers
    - - His wirtings are difficult to follow and he seems to contradict himself many times
        
        However this could be because we don't have access to all his writings so this point is a bit harsh
      - Scholars like Russell, Satre and Dawkins say that there is no point in talking about the purpose of the universe with Russell just calling it a brute fact.
      - Theists would say that Aristotles concept of God is almost irrelevant to the universe.
      - He could be seen to dismiss Plato's ideas too quickly, especially Plato's dualism.
      - One idea is that the universe just happened by chance and therefore there is no need for the Prime Mover