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1.13 (A) DEMENTIA (SIR YONG) - Coggle Diagram
1.13 (A) DEMENTIA (SIR YONG)
1. DEFINITION
Brain cells damaged due to disease
symptoms based of site of brain
2. TYPES
Cortical
Alzheimer
Cortex - cerebrum
X motor involved
Severe
Subcortical
Parkinson
Subcortex
Involve motor
Mild to moderate
3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Parkinson less dopamine
4. ETIOLOGY
Alzheimer
Start loss memory
Due
B Amyloid plaque
Is plaque protein that disturb connection bw brain celsls
Neuro-fibrillary tangles
Has base protein (for microtubule in brain cell) @
TAU
X
TAU
cause ruptures of microtubules
Vascular
Ischemic
Hemorrhage scars in brain can trigger
SEIZURES
Cause by stroke / recurrent stroke
Lewy body disease
Abnormal level of protein,
ALPHA SYNUCLEIN IN BRAIN
Control
Temporal
Aging
Dementia due infection (AIDS)
AKA
AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX
Cause cortical atrophy
Can be other STD such as syphilis
4. CM
Amnesia
Loss of appetite
Change of personality
Diff to conc
Depressive
Diff to to task
Urine incontinence
Psychososial
Delusion
6. Ix
Hx taking frm caregivers
Phy exam - IPPA
Motor
Mental
Cranial nerves
Imaging - CT, MRI AND EEG OF BRAIN
Rule out
TUMOURS AND CVA
Mental strength test
Cognitive examination
ECAQ
MMSE
Clock down test
Clinical
BUSE
FBC
LFT
URDL - STD - AIDS AND SYPHILIS
CSF study for Ca
6. LEVEL OF DEMENTIA (0-5)
Refer
CDR (CLINICAL RATING DEMENTIA)
7. DDx
Schizophrenia
8. COMPLICATIONS
Lost ability to take care themselves
Depression
Amnesia
Incontinence
9. Mx
General
Now change & developmental by family members
Security factors: DONT: ALONE ABUSE SUICIDAL THOUGHT
Non pharmacological
Prior pt func and quality of their life
If deficit - mind dignity of pt
Coop w psychososial & family
Stimulate oriented approach - talking, writing, reading
Pharmacology
Control & slow down
Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Antipsychotic
Haloperidol
Respidone
Antiepileptic
Carbamazepine
Sodium valproate
Sleep disturbance
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
10. HE
Hygiene
Nutrition
Avoid trauma
Meeting
11. PROGNOSIS
Depend on caregivers
Pt normal will lon lasting survive
IRREVERSIBLE