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What Teachers Need to Know & Do to Teach Letter-Sounds, Phonemic…
What Teachers Need to Know & Do to Teach Letter-Sounds, Phonemic Awareness, Word Reading & Phonics (Linnea C. Ehri)
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Sight word learning.
Written words are stored in memory when graphemes in spellings are connected to phonemes in pronunciations of words.
Readers encounter an unfamiliar written word - they decode it by converting graphemes into a blend of phonemes.
This secures the spelling bonded to its pronunciation in memory - and once practiced a few times this is retained in the memory.
This is called orthographic mapping - once the graphemes are named, it is easier to clarify the pronunciation of a word.
Orthographic mapping enables students to read words by sight (Ehri, 2014) - this doesn't apply only to high frequency or irregular words, but to all words that are stored in the memory.
To remember irregularly spelled words, partial orthographic mapping between graphemes & phonemes can be activated.
Most words contain at least dome graphemes & phonemes that are regular, so these can anchor spellings in memory.
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Decoding instruction.
Decoding involves transforming graphemes into phonemes & blending them to form a recognisable word - this enables students to read words they've never read before.
Once words are decoded a few times, their spellings become bonded to their pronunciations & meanings in memory & enables students to read the words automatically by sight.
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