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gender & crime, women and girls commit less crimes and different…
gender & crime
chivalry thesis
this thesis argues that most criminal justice agents are men, who in most cases have socialised to act chivalrously towards women and are therefore more likely to treat them more leniently
Pollack suggests that men have a more protective attitude towards women leading to a reluctance to accuse/ arrest them
official stats have found that females are more likely to receive bails, shorter sentences and fines compared to males
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EVALUATION : 1.FARRINGTON AND MORRIS : studied 408 sentences in a magistrates court and found that women WERE NOT sentenced more leniently broadly speaking however lenience may be because their cases are less severe. Furthermore women are more likely to show remorse hence the increased likelihood of being cautioned rather than going to court
2.HEIDENSOHN: argues that the CJS is biased against women, with courts treating women more harshly when they deviate gender norms
CARLEN (1997) : argues that when women are jailed its less because of the severity of their crime and more so because of the courts assessment of them as wives, mothers, daughters etc.
Feminists argue that these double standards exist because the CJS is patriarchal
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liberation thesis
ADLER (1975) As society becomes less patriarchal, women will be liberated and their crimes will be as FREQUENT and SERIOUS as men's - if society becomes less patriarchal women’s crime rates will become similar to men’s
Women's liberation has led to new type female crime & a rise in the female crime rate
More women are in senior positions giving them more opportunity to commit serious white collar crime
EVALUATION :
The Female crime rate began to rise in the 1950s, long before women’s liberation
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women and girls commit less crimes and different crimes to men, sociologists say stats cannot be trusted as female crime is wildly underestimated and neglected by male-dominated criminology. They argue that female crimes are less likely to be reported (as they're viewed as less harmful) and prosecuted