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Respiratory system - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory system
Parts
Nose - Moisturises, purifies + cleans the air. Mucous & tiny hairs(cilia) remove dust & other particles
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Lungs - The respiratory organs, located behind the rib cage
Diaphragm - The muscle at the base of the lungs that contracts and relaxes, forcing air in and out of the lungs
Sinuses Hollow areas between the bones in your head that help regulate the temperature and humidity of the air you inhale.
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Cilia - Tiny hairs that move in a wave-like motion to filter dust and other irritants out of your airways.
Function
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Warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs.
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Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale.
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Disorders & Conditions
Allergies: Inhaling proteins, such as dust, mold, and pollen, can cause respiratory allergies in some people. These proteins can cause inflammation in your airways.
Asthma: A chronic (long-term) disorder, asthma causes inflammation in the airways that can make breathing difficult.
Infection: Infections can lead to pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs) or bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchial tubes) Common respiratory infections include the flu (influenza) or a cold.
Disease: Respiratory disorders include lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These illnesses can harm the respiratory system’s ability to deliver oxygen throughout the body and filter out waste gases.
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Care
Avoid pollutants that can damage your airways, including secondhand smoke, chemicals and radon (a radioactive gas that can cause cancer). Wear a mask if you are exposed to fumes, dust or other types of pollutants for any reason.
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Breathing
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Breathing In - Inhalation
- The intercostal muscles contract, causing the ribs to move up & out
- The diaphragm contracts & moves downwards
- The volume of the chest increases
- The lungs expand
- The pressure inside the lung falls below the pressure of the air around us(atmospheric pressure), causing air to move into the lungs
Breathing Out - Exhalation
- The intercostal muscles relax, causing the ribs to move down and inwards
- The diaphragm relaxes & moves upwards
- The volume of the chest decreases
- The lungs shrink in size, causing the air to move out
- The pressure inside the lungs increases above atmospheric pressure, causing air to move out of the lungs
Gas Exchange
- Alveoli are a cluster of tiny air sacs at the tip of each bronchiole in the lungs.
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the millions of alveoli and the capillaries that surround them
- Oxygen moves from the air in the alveoli into the blood capillaries.
- At the same time, carbon dioxide moves from the blood capillaries into the alveoli to be exhaled