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The age of revolutions - Coggle Diagram
The age of revolutions
FRENCH Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
It erupts with the rise of the Enlightenment and is opposed to the current social order→ monarchy and the supremacy of the aristocracy.
Britain's first reaction: positive (France was an enemy and Britain was proud of its constitutional monarchy).
It begins with positive ideals (liberty, equality, fraternity) but turns into outright carnage (the king and queen and many others are sent to the guillotine).
At this point England intervenes and declares war on France.
Napoleon rises to power and declares himself emperor of the kingdom of France.
At the Battle of Trafalgar (Spain), thanks to Admiral Nelson Napoleon does not invade Britain.
After 15 years of war, Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and the old order is restored in Europe (Congress of Vienna).
AMERICAN Revolution and War of Independence
WHAT HAPPENS?
The Americans were divided into:
The "patriots" who wanted independence, had no army,knew the territory and were supported by the French fleet.
The "loyalists" who had an army but too small and far from supplies,wanted to remain under the United Kingdom.
In 1776 Jefferson write the American Declaration of Independence.
who stated
that the colonies are a new nation;
all men have a natural right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" (except for the slaves);
governments can claim the right to govern if they have "the consent of the governed";
In 1783 Britain recognised the independence of its former colonies with the Treaty of Versailles
In 1787, the Republic of the United States of America
became a federal constitution (Washington first president).
CAUSES
Colonies no longer in need of protection vs France beacuse UK had won the Seven Years’ War
Boston Massacre, an episode of violence that reinforced anti-British sentiments
New taxes for the American colonies such as the tea tax, created to favor only the British Company.
this caused:
The Boston tea party
a revolt by rebels who threw tea imported from Britain into the harbor reciting the motto "No taxation without representation." representation means wanting to have a member to represent them in government if they had to pay.