El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of the each other a climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean. They occur every 5 years. El Niño refers to warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures, causing disruptions in global weather patterns, such as droughts, storms, and altered precipitation. La Niña is characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures, leading to increased rainfall, flooding, and distinct weather impacts. Both are part of natural climate variability and can have significant consequences on weather conditions around the world.
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