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Government and Societal Responses To Climate Change - Coggle Diagram
Government and Societal Responses To Climate Change
International Agreements
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):
Among the important international agreements to address climate change is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, established in 1992. The agreement gives the 197 member states a forum to work together to address the problem. -
https://unfccc.int/
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Kyoto Protocol:
The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, is a groundbreaking international treaty under the UNFCCC. It mandates 37 developed countries and economies in transition to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions collectively by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels during the commitment period from 2008 to 2012. -
https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol
Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol:
The Doha Amendment, adopted in 2012, is an extension of the Kyoto Protocol, prolonging its commitment period until 2020. It establishes legally binding emission reduction targets for participating developed countries. -
https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/the-doha-amendment
Paris Agreement
Adopted in 2015, the historic Paris Agreement is a global accord designed to address climate change. With attempts to keep it at 1.5 degrees Celsius, it commits 197 countries to reducing global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Transparency, accountability, and financial support to developing nations are given top attention under the agreement. Enhanced global climate action, investments in renewable energy, and heightened resilience to climate-related issues are among the outcomes. Nonetheless, there are still obstacles to overcome in order to meet the high standards outlined in the agreement. -
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement
Canadian Agreements
Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change:
The Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, launched in 2016, is Canada's comprehensive strategy to address climate change. This domestic initiative outlines a collaborative approach among provinces and territories to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. -
https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/pan-canadian-framework.html
Federal Greenhouse Gas Offset System:
Proposed in 2020, Canada's Federal Greenhouse Gas Offset System aims to encourage emission reduction projects by allowing entities to earn offset credits. The system is part of Canada's commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, promoting actions that contribute to carbon reduction and environmental sustainability. -
https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/pricing-pollution-how-it-will-work/output-based-pricing-system/federal-greenhouse-gas-offset-system.html
National Policies and Legislation
China - National Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS):
China's ETS is the world's largest carbon market, covering key sectors and industries. It sets emission limits and allows trading of carbon permits to encourage emissions reduction. -
https://www.iea.org/reports/chinas-emissions-trading-scheme
India - National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC):
India's NAPCC outlines strategies and initiatives to address climate change, covering areas like renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, water conservation, and climate resilience. -
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822162/
European Union - Green Deal:
The European Green Deal is a comprehensive policy initiative focused on making the EU's economy sustainable, with goals including achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and transforming industries and energy systems. -
https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
United Kingdom - Climate Change Act:
The UK's Climate Change Act legally binds the government to set carbon budgets, aiming for an 80% reduction in emissions by 2050. The Act serves as a model for other nations. -
https://www.oecd.org/climate-action/ipac/practices/the-united-kingdom-s-pioneering-climate-change-act-c08c3d7a/
United States - Clean Power Plan (CPP):
The Clean Power Plan aimed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, encouraging a shift towards cleaner energy sources. It was a key component of the U.S. commitment to the Paris Agreement. -
https://archive.epa.gov/epa/cleanpowerplan/fact-sheet-overview-clean-power-plan.html
Technological Innovation
Carbon Capture and Storage
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) combat climate change by capturing carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants, preventing their release into the atmosphere. This technology mitigates greenhouse gas concentrations, helping achieve emission reduction goals. CCS is crucial for industries with challenging decarbonization pathways, fostering a cleaner and more sustainable future. -
https://www.c2es.org/content/carbon-capture/
Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles (EVs) combat climate change by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, decreasing air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. When charged with renewable energy sources, EVs contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable transportation sector, crucial for climate mitigation. -
https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/11/dont-get-fooled-electric-vehicles-really-are-better-for-the-climate/
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy combats climate change by providing clean alternatives to fossil fuels. Solar, wind, and hydropower technologies generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions, reducing reliance on polluting energy sources. The transition to renewable energy promotes sustainability, mitigates climate impacts, and fosters a low-carbon energy future. -
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy
Smart Grids
Smart grids combat climate change by optimizing energy distribution, integrating renewable sources, and enhancing efficiency. These intelligent systems enable real-time monitoring, demand-response mechanisms, and reduced energy losses, lowering carbon emissions. By promoting a resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure, smart grids contribute to the transition towards a low-carbon and environmentally friendly future. -
https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html
Public Awareness and Education Campaigns
The Climate Reality Project:
Founded by former Vice President Al Gore, The Climate Reality Project conducts educational initiatives, including presentations and campaigns, to increase awareness about climate change, its impacts, and solutions for a sustainable future. -
https://www.climaterealityproject.org/
FridaysForFuture:
Initiated by Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, #FridaysForFuture encourages students globally to strike from school on Fridays to demand climate action, highlighting the urgency of addressing climate change. -
https://fridaysforfuture.org/
UNFCCC's Climate Neutral Now:
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) promotes Climate Neutral Now, urging individuals and organizations to measure, reduce, and offset their greenhouse gas emissions to achieve carbon neutrality. -
https://unfccc.int/blog/a-beginner-s-guide-to-climate-neutrality
350.org's Global Climate Strikes:
Led by the international climate movement 350.org, Global Climate Strikes mobilize students, activists, and communities worldwide to demand urgent action on climate change through mass demonstrations and strikes. -
https://350.org/about/
Earth Day
Earth Day, celebrated annually on April 22, is a global environmental movement advocating for sustainability, conservation, and climate action. Established in 1970, Earth Day mobilizes millions worldwide through events, campaigns, and educational initiatives to promote environmental awareness and inspire collective efforts to protect and preserve the planet. -
https://www.earthday.org/
