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Global effects of Climate Change - Coggle Diagram
Global effects of Climate Change
Affects on Bodies of Water
Positive Feedback Loops
Ice Melting
One positive feedback loop is the icebergs melting in the arctic because of the albedo, the loop works as follows. When more of the ice starts to melt, and reflects less sunlight, it melts into the water and the surface albedo decreases, then the ocean absorbs more energy(heat) and melts more of the ice and this loop continues
Oceans
Acidification of the Ocean
The acidification of oceans is becoming lower and lower on the PH scale, which means it is getting worse. The cause for this is mainly from the human-driven increased levels of C02 in the atmosphere, meaning the oceans are absorbing a lot more now then ever, and currently the PH level is 8.1
Marine Heatwaves
Marine heatwaves are now becoming longer, and warmer because of the burning of fossil fuels and the greenhouse gasses. The affect that this has is towards the marine life in the oceans, more specifically to the corals and other ecosystems, it breaks down the relationship between the corals and algae, ultimately killing the corals and leaving them bleached
Lakes + Fresh Water
Harmful Algae's
As the climate warms, more harmful algae's start to bloom in freshwater lakes which then creates toxic water which kills animals and is very harmful to humans. On top of this, as the climate is warmer, there is more frequent droughts and different precipitation patterns which affect water levels leaving less water to dilute pollutants.
Wildlife
Extinction of Animals
Since the rising temperatures and other effects from global warming, it has caused many animals to go extinct, some being the Black Softshell Turtles, Hawaiin Crow, Wyoming toad and etc. Their habitats we're being destroyed and they could not adapt to survive.
Reproduction
Climate change has a huge impact on animals reproduction, as many animals tend to migrate or change areas when they give birth, and if those areas are destroyed then the rates at which they reproduce will significantly go down. For example Salmon, right here in Toronto the salmon need to jump up river to be able to giver birth, and as temperatures rise and water levels rise, it becomes harder for them to do it.
Another affect is from the heat, and heat can cause stress on animals which then can affect gamete development, fertilisation success, parental care, offspring survival and etc. It also effects the energy transfer between animals, affecting the reproduction
Habitats
Habitats can be affected by climate change in many different ways, specifically, sand dune habitats may drift inlands, rivers will flood more often affecting animals that depend on it, the arctic is melting affecting the survivability of polar bears and other animals, peat soils and bogs could dry out.
A specific example of this affecting coastal habitats, is in the UK, is that it looses 100 hectares of saltmarshes and mudflats each year because of the rising sea levels. Some animals in these habitats include multiple species of crabs, birds like spoonbills, brent geese, glossy ibis and etc
Climate
The Water Cycle
As more water is being evaporated because the air is warmer, this means that the air can also hold more water which can lead to more powerful and intense storms. This also connects to the water area, as the temperature and climate impact is from the product of water vapor density.
Warmer Global Temperatures
Warmer global temperatures is directly influenced by the greenhouse effect, and it's explained in the diagram below, but the overall explanation is that the greenhouse gases act as a blanket and absorb a lot more of the thermal heat from the ground, and release it everywhere, rising the temperature.
Droughts and Floods
An area also connecting with water, as more water vapor is being evaporated into the atmosphere, this causes rain patterns to differentiate, which causes more droughts and floods.
Humans
Human Health
There are many different ways that human health has been affected, the obvious ones are physical health from more storms, but with this also causes more diseases. Another part of this is that it creates more zoonoses, diseases in food and creates food insecurity.
Economical Impact
Climate change has had an impact on our economy, in many different ways and in different sectors. The most notable is the agriculture. Because of the change in temperature, different rain patterns and the change in climate, it's much harder to grow crops, and places where we grow them have to change
Displacement
According to "National Institutes of Health", they say that climate change is the greatest threat to public health in the coming decades as the constant change in environments causes many people to have to move, and in June 2022, the number of people displaced was sitting at just around 100 million world wide.
References/Bibliography
Impacts Water
Albedo
Water Vapor
Greenhouse Effect
DIfferent Affects
Droughts and Floods
Extinction of Animals
Habitat Impact
Animals being affected
Reproduction of Animals
Agriculture
Human Health
Human Displacement
Evidence
