Alayna Dixon Period 3 Anatomy and Physiology
Cardiovascular System

Major components and functions of Blood

ABO, Rh blood types

Major functions of the cardiovascular system:a closed circuit that consists of the heart
and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)

Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)

Layers of the heart

blood flow through the heart and body

Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)

Cardiac cycle and ECG

Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)

Vital signs (BP and Pulse)

Disorders of the cardiovascular system

RBC

WBC

Neutrophils comprise 50 to 70% of leukocytes; strong
phagocytes

Eosinophils make up 1 to 3% of circulating leukocytes; kill certain
parasites and moderate inflammation

Granulocytes Have granular cytoplasm, short life-span (about 12 hour)

Type A

Type B

Type AB

Type O

Rh /Rh-

Capillaries

heart

Veins

Arteries

Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)

Endocarditis & Myocarditis

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Congenital Heart Disease

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Left Ventricle

Right ventricle

Bicuspid Valve

Left Atrium

Aortic semilunar valve

Right Atrium

Visceral Pericardium

T wave

QRS complex

P wave

If the Rh factor (antigen D) is present on a person’s red blood cells,
the blood is Rh positive; if absent, the blood is Rh negative

Blood Pressure

Pulse

Oxygenated blood

deoxygenated blood

Arteries

Veins

Arteries travel away from the heart

Veins bring blood back to the heart

Blood vessels with the smallest diameter

Myocardium

Endocardium

Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked. Blood clot, plaque in coronary artery and high blood pressure are causes/risk factors. Chest pain, pain radiating to arms, jaw and abdomen as well as dizziness are symptoms. Treatment options include nitroglycerin, thrombolytic and angioplasty.

Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities. Atherosclerosis, blood vessel inflammation, and weak pulse are causes/risk factors. Leg and arm pain. intermittent claudication and skin color chance are symptoms. Treatment options include, medication, lifestyle change, arterial angioplasty.

blood flow to the portion of the brain is interrupted. Blood clotting to the brain, clogged arteries and aneurysm are causes/risk factors. Severe headache, change in alertness, and change in senses are symptoms. treatment options include, thrombolytics, blood thinners and surgical intervention

Inflammation of the heart. Virus, bacterial or fungal infection, allergic reaction to medication, and rheumatoid arthritis are causes/risk factors. Heart palpitations, chest pain and fatigue are the symptoms. Antibiotics, medications and diuretics are treatment options

Issue with heart structure and or function present since birth. Tetralogy or fallot, tricuspid atresia and ebsteins anomaly are all causes and risk factors. Dependanton condition, cyanosis common or may be asymptomatic. Medications, surgical intervention , and some may heal on their own.

Biconcave disks are this shape makes the RBCs flexible as they travel through blood vessels, puts oxygen in close proximity to the hemoglobin, and increases surface area for gas exchange

The first wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of
the atria; this leads to the contraction of the atria

Corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles, which leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden behind the larger ventricular event

Corresponds to ventricular repolarization, and leads to
ventricular relaxation

Oxygenated blood flow is only on the left side of the heart entering from the pulmonary veins from the lungs. The oxygenated blood from the lungs goes into the left atrium then the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta then it is distributed throughout the whole body coming back to the heart deoxygenated

Deoxygenated blood comes from the body and only stays on the right side of your heart ending in the pulmonary artery where there is a gas exchange between the lungs giving oxygen and the pulmonary artery giving carbon dioxide. deoxygenated blood enters the superior/inferior vena cava got to the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries.

Blood pressure (BP) moves blood through lumen of arteries and
arterioles. The term "blood pressure" usually refers to systemic arterial
pressure

The alternating expansion and recoil of the wall of an artery as the ventricles contract and relax can be felt at certain points in the body as a pulse

the outermost layer; a serous membrane made up of connective tissue and epithelium; decreases friction in the heart

the middle layer; consists of cardiac muscle, and is the thickest layer of the heart wall; pumps blood out of heart chambers

the inner layer; made up of connective tissue and epithelium; continuous with the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart; contains the Purkinje fibers (part of the cardiac conduction system)

has A antigens on RBC membranes and anti-B
antibodies in the plasma

has B antigens on RBC membranes and anti-A
antibodies in the plasma

has neither antigen on RBC membranes, but both
types of antibodies in the plasma; universal donor

has both A and B antigens on RBC membranes, but
neither type of antibodies in the plasma; universal recipient

Arteries supply blood to the whole body away from the heart

Bring blood back from the heart deoxygenated

Smallest type of blood vessel

The heart is a hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump within the
mediastinum in the thoracic cavity

Ascending aorta

Aortic Arch

Thoracic Aorta

Abdominal aorta

Brachiocephalic trunk

Common Carotid artery

Subclavian artery

Axillary Artery

Brachial artery

Radial Artery

Ulnar Artery

Common iliac artery

Femoral artery

Anterior Tibial Artery

Fibular artery

Cephalic Vein

basilic veins

Radial veins

Ulnar veins

Brachial vein

Brachial vein

axillary vein

subclavian vein

Brachiocephalic vein

superior vena cava

internal jugular vein

external jugular vein

femoral vein

great saphenous vein

External iliac vein

internal iliac vein

Common iliac vein

Inferior vena cava

Hemoglobin transports oxygen and some carbon dioxide through the blood

When oxygen combines with hemoglobin, it forms oxyhemoglobin, which
gives blood its bright red color

When oxygen is released, deoxyhemoglobin is darker in red color

Basophils account for <1% of leukocytes; promote inflammation
by secreting heparin and histamine

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