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The Berlin Blockade 1947-1949 - Coggle Diagram
The Berlin Blockade 1947-1949
Backround - Why?
Decision to create a West German state -> second London conference 1948
MONEY RERFORM ON BOTH SIDES = Currency reform / introduction of Deutschmark in western Germany -> Soviets answer by introducing Ostmark
Trying to figure out what to do with Germany > London Conference 1947
The incompetence of Britain, the US, France and the USSR deciding what to do with Germany
Stalin didn't want the separation of Germany and wished the blockade would push Western Allies to give up on their plans
MIni-blockage & Baby-airlift
Stalin wanted to demonstrate that Soviet power and unity could rival the power of the West
Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia 2/1948 and Bryssels Defens Pact 3/1948
Berlin internal politics
Reuters
Ulbrich
Economic crisis after IIWW
West's support: Mrshall Plan 6/1947
Russia's demands: reparations + industry
Potsdam Conference 6-7/1945
Military occupation of Germany
USA: Clay
USSR: Sokolovsky
Idelogical differences
Capitalist system
Soviet system 1917
Events? - What happened?
The Soviet troops took control of Berlin (which was divided into four sections) and sealed off rail lines, roads, and cut off electricity
Berlin blocked: No supplies to the city!
AirlIft = In order to keep Berlin alive, the Allies had to deliver food and fuel by aircraft, and only USA had the air force for that
General William Tunner took control of the airlift, and achieved the 4000 ton goal with tight scheduling and new aircraft. He combined the know-how of Germans and Americans (former Luftwaffe engineers), and hired many Germans in effort of keeping up the schedule and decreasing inflation
Success of airlif: 13 tons / day
Blockade of Berlin 24.6.1948
Airlift 26.6.1948 begins
Counter blokage
After talks between Soviet and US Security Council representatives at United Nations at New York the blockade was set to end by May 12,1949.
Stalin was stalling (fittingly) and wanted the Allied powers to fail during the upcoming winter - which it did not do
By spring 1949 The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was formed, folowed by The German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the fall.
Sealed frontiers 6/1948
Consequences? - What was the outcome?
Western Europe was united in an effort to keep Berlin from collapsing
The formed FRG and GDR were further separated by a barrier in 1961 - the Berlin Wall untill the end of the Cold War 11/1989
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50013048
Right before the end of the blockade the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created by the Western Allies 4/1949
Inreased tensions between the East and the West
Two Germanys
West- Germany: BDR
East-Germany: DDR
The airlift demonstrated the allies' willingness to resist further Soviet expansion
Opening of the Cold War
275 000 flight
2,3 milj. tons of supplies
Soviet Union ends the blockage 5/1949
Threath of nuclear retaliation and III WW
Other information?
In January '49 the average daily deliveries for West Berlin reached 5620 tons, by April it reached 8000 tons per day.
UN financial committee proposed that the currency in Berlin would be controlled by a new German Bank of Emission, but was rejected by the Western allies.