The System School Of
Management Thought
System Components
Inputs
Transformation Process
Outputs
Feedback
Interconnected Elements
Organizations are interconnected parts
Changes in one element affect the entire system
emphasis on relationship and interdependence
Open and closed systems
Open systems interact with the environtment
Closed systems operate independently
Organizations typically exhibit open systems characteristics
Holistic Perspective
Emphasis on viewing organizations as a whole
Understanding the entire system
Consideration of external factors
End products or services resulting from transformation
Goods, Services, Information
The result of organizational activites
Resources entering system
Materials, Information, Energy, Human Resources
Source of raw materials and information
Core operation of the organization
Activities tranforming inputs into outputs
Production processes and decision making communication
Information on system's performance
Used to adjust inputs or processes
Continuous Improvement
Application Management
Strategic Planning
Organizational Development
Continuous Improvement