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earthquake hazards - Coggle Diagram
earthquake hazards
soil liquefaction
occurs when violent ground shaking causes saturated loose soil to lose its soil structure and transform into a thick fluid
- destroys ecosystems
- trees sink in and tip over
- cause biodiversity loss
- smother aquatic plants, causing death
- sewage pipes broken and untreated, pollute river, kill marine life
- destroys properties and infrastructure
- buildings sink in and tip over
- difficult to rescue people or supply emergency aid
- disrupts services
- comm cables, water & gas pipes sink in and snap
- roads and railways sink in and get damaged
- difficult to rescue people and supply aid
- cause injuries and fatalities
- trapped under collapsed buildings
landslides
forms cracks on steep slopes, loosening rocks and soil ; trigger loose rocks and soil to move downslope
- destroys ecosystems
- fast moving debris burying huge areas of forests
- polluted rivers killing marine life
- blocked rivers, causing floods and damage to ecosystem and properties
- destroys properties and infrastructure
- bury villages and farms
- destroying properties
- disrupts services
- snap comm cables, water, gas pipes
- roads blocked by debris, difficult to rescue people and supply emergency aid
- cause injuries and fatalities
- debris buries people/hit them
- block rivers which cause flood, drown people
tsunamis
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- destroys ecosystems
- seawater floods huge areas of coastal wetlands and forests
- damaging habitats
- debris can pollute, damage ecosystems and kill wildlife
- destroys properties and infrastructure
- fast moving waters and large amounts of debris can sweep away buildings
- disrupts services
- fast moving waters and large amt of debris will snap comm cables and disrupt supply
- sweeps away roads and railways, difficult to rescue people and supply aid
- causes injuries and fatalities
- sweeping waters can drown people
- waves can hit & kill people
ground shaking
- destroys ecosystems
- ruptures oil and chemical factories
- pollute land and water
- fractures and uproots trees
- destroys properties and infrastructure
- weakens buildings/infrastructure
- will collapse, making it hard to rescue
- disrupts services
- snaps water and gas pipes
- water shortages and disruptions to gas supply
- electricity and communication cables break
- affect important communications
- cause injuries and fatalities
- people get trapped under collapsed buildings
- result in loss of lives