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Global effects of climate change, More than 90% of the additional heat…

- - - - With more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect traps more heat on Earth's surface. These increased temperatures cause water from the surface to evaporate and enter the atmosphere. Water, much like carbon dioxide, is a greenhouse gas. This increases the greenhouse effect even more, causing even more water to evaporate.
      - Rising temperatures on Earth lead to the thawing of permafrost, the ground that remains frozen throughout the year. As permafrost melts, microbes consume organic matter previously preserved in the frozen ground. In the process, these microbes emit significant amounts of methane, a greenhouse gas more than 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide. This, in turn, contributes to additional temperature increases and further melting of permafrost.