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70-year-old female has recently retired from her long-term job in Fort…

- - - - Dalton's law: (law of partial pressure) important for understanding how gases move down their pressure differences by diffusion. It states the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture
      - Henry's Law: helps explain how the solubility of a gas relates to its diffusion. It states, if the pressure of a gas over liquid increases, the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will increase proportionally
    - - CO2: central chemorecepters in the brainstem, which are sensitive to changes in CO2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, respond to increased CO2 by increasing breathing rate and depth to eliminate excess CO2 and restore normal pH. They stimulate respiratory centers to increase ventilation in response to low oxygen levels, and contribute to regulation of breathing
    - - Conducting vs Respiratory Zones:
        
        Conducting Zones: (nose to bronchioles) form a path for conduction of the inhaled gases. It moves air into and out of the lungs.
        
        Respiratory Zones: (alveolar duct to alveoli) is where gas exchange takes place. It moves respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) in and out of blood.
      - Type of Cells:
        
        Alveoli- are lined by flattened epithelial cells called pneumocytes, responsible for spongey nature of lungs. The alveoli are responsible for the exchange of gases across the lungs.
        
        Epithelial cells: line airways and make mucus, which lubricate and protect the lungs
        
        The lungs also contain nerve cells, hormone-producing cells, blood cells, and structural/supporting cells
    - - How does elevation affect atmospheric pressure? The higher elevation is, atmospheric pressure decreases. Which is due to the lower air mass above at higher elevations, this results in less pressure.
        
        Does pressure increase or decrease? With increasing elevation, atmospheric pressure decreases. The relationship is described by factors in temperature and gravity. The decrease in pressure can impact weather or even boiling points.
    - - Oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve: depicts the relationship between blood oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure.
      - The Haldane Effect: related to CO2, enhances the binding/release of CO2 at the tissues and lungs. An increase in blood CO2 enhances the binding of CO2 to hemoglobin. Higher CO2 levels promote the binding of CO2 to deoxygenated hemoglobin, promote CO2 transport in the blood.
      - The Bohr effect: related to O2. An increase in blood oxygen partial pressure at the lungs enhances the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, facilitating oxygen uptake by red blood cells. A decrease in O2 partial pressure causes hemoglobin to release oxygen.
  - - - Oxygen: When receptors detect low oxygen levels, it sends an increase in breathing rate and depth, aiding in oxygen intake and CO2 removal.
      - Hydrogen: When CO2 increases, it leads to higher hydrogen levels, the chemoreceptors stimulate the respiratory center. This increases breathing rate and depth, aiding in CO2 removal and maintaining an acid-base balance in th body.
    - - Ventilation: mechanical and it involves the movement of air
      - Respiration: physiologic and involves the exchange of gases in the alveoli (external respiration) and in the cells (internal respiration
- - - - Upper Respiratory: these infections often cause pharyngitis or rhinorrhea
      - Lower Respiratory: are primarily the result of viruses (such as the flu). Lower respiratory infections include pneumonia.
- - - - The condition and symptoms are induced from her age as well as changes in the altitude and environments she is living in.