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HUMAN BODY ORGAN SYSTEM, The circulatory system, also known as the…
HUMAN BODY ORGAN SYSTEM
Integumentary System
Hair
- Composed of keratinized cells and grows from hair follicles in the dermis.
Sweat Glands
- Sweat glands are appendages of the integument. There are eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. They differ in embryology, distribution, and function. Eccrine sweat glands are simple, coiled, tubular glands present throughout the body, most numerously on the soles of the feet.
Skins
- Skin is the largest organ in the body and covers the body's entire external surface. It is made up of three layers, the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis, all three of which vary significantly in their anatomy and function.
Nails
- Composed of keratinized cells and grow from the nail matrix.
Respiratory System
Nose/Mouth
- Acts as the entry point for air that filters, humidifies, and warms incoming air.
Pharynx
- Serves as a common passage for both air and food.
Larynx
- Contains vocal cords for sound production and acts as a passageway for air to enter the trachea.
Trachea
- Conducts air from the larynx to the bronchi.
Bronchi and Bronchioles
- Divisions of the trachea leading to each lung that distribute air to the lungs and eventually to the alveoli.
Lungs
- Main respiratory organs where gas exchange occurs.
Alveoli
- Tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place with the bloodstream
Diaphragm
- Contraction and relaxation of these muscles create changes in lung volume, facilitating inhalation and exhalation
Muscu-Skeletal System
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones
- Bones provide a framework that supports the body and gives it shape. It also protect vital organs, such as the skull protecting the brain or the ribcage protecting the heart and lungs.
Cartilage
- Cartilage provides a smooth surface for joint movement, reducing friction.
Joints
- Joints allow bones to articulate and move relative to each other.
Ligaments
- Ligaments connect bones to bones, providing stability to joints.
Tendons
- Tendons attach muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscle contractions to produce movement.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Smooth Muscle
- Smooth muscles contract involuntarily and help with processes like digestion and blood vessel constriction.
Cardiac Muscle
- The cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body.
Skeletal Muscles
- Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, allowing for intentional movements such as walking, running, and lifting.
Circulatory System
Blood Vessel
- channels that carry blood throughout your body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that begins and ends at your heart.
Blood
- Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.
Heart
- Pumps blood to any parts of the body
Digestive System
Mouth
- Responsible for taking food and breaking down into smaller pieces using teeth (mechanical digestion) and Saliva contains enzymes (e.g., amylase) that begin breaking down carbohydrates (chemical digestion).
Esophagus
- Passage that moves chewed food from the mouth to the stomach via the esophagus.
Stomach
- Temporary storage of food where food is breaking down into nutrients
Small intestine
- Nutrients (amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins) are absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal walls.
Large Intestine
- Converts liquid residue from the small intestine into feces.
Rectum and Anus
- Temporary storage in the rectum where feces are expelled from the body through the anus during defecation.
Nervous System
Brain
- Processes information received from sensory organs and coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions.
Spinal Cord
- Transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Acts as a reflex center, initiating rapid, involuntary responses to certain stimuli without involving the brain.
Neurons
- Basic structural and functional units of the nervous system.
Cerebrum
- Largest part of the brain, responsible for conscious thought, voluntary actions, and sensory perception. Divided into hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
Cerebellum
- Coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
Brainstem
- Connects the brain to the spinal cord. Regulates basic bodily functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is a complex network of blood vessels, the heart, and blood. It plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
The digestive system is a complex network of organs and structures responsible for the breakdown of food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. It plays a crucial role in providing the energy and building blocks necessary for the body's growth, maintenance, and functioning.
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the external environment. It facilitates the intake of oxygen, which is essential for cellular respiration, and the elimination of carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism.
The nervous system is a complex network of cells and tissues that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling various physiological functions, responses to stimuli, and communication within the body.
The musculoskeletal system, also known as the locomotor system, is a complex system in the human body that provides structural support, enables movement, and protects vital organs. It consists of two main components: the muscular system and the skeletal system.
The integumentary system is the body's largest organ system, consisting of the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands). It serves as a protective barrier against the external environment and plays a crucial role in various physiological functions.
