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HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram
HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Functions
provides shape and support
helps you move
protects organs
produces blood cells
stores certain materials
Major types of bones
Skull
- protects the brain
Ribs
- protect the
heart and lungs
Vertebrae
- protects the spinal cord
-
Femur
- produces
blood cells in the leg
Humerus
- produces
blood cells in the arm
Cartilage
- connective tissue
that is more flexible than bone
Ligaments
- hold bones
together to form joints
Marrow
- soft connective tissue
found in spaces in bone
Red Marrow
- produces
the body's blood cells
Yellow Marrow
- stores fat
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Functions
Helps the body move
Moves food through
the digestive system
Keeps the heart beating
Muscle Action
Involuntary Muscles
- muscles
not under conscious control
Voluntary muscles
- muscles
that are under conscious control
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
- attached to bones
and move bones using
tendons, voluntary
Smooth
- inside many internal
organs and type of involuntary muscles
Cardiac
- found only in heart
and it is involuntary muscles
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Function:
collects wastes produced
by cells and remove the wastes
from the body
Organs
Kidneys
eliminate urea, excess water and some waste materials
filter wastes from the blood and produced urine
Anus
- removes solid wastes
from digestive system
Lungs
- remove carbon dioxide
produced during cellular respiration
Skin
- removes perspiration
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Functions
gets rid of wastes
regulates body temperature
keeps in touch with environment
covers and protects the body to prevent
water loss and keep out foreign particles
Parts
Epidermis
- outermost layer that
has no nerves and made of dead cells
Dermis
- lower layer of the skin that
contains nerves, blood vessels,
sweat glands, hairs, and oil glands
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Functions
breaks down food into
molecules that can body use
absorption of molecules
into blood
wastes are eliminated from the body
Roles of Organs
Mouth
- where mechanical
and chemical digestion starts
mechanical
- breaking
down food using teeth
chemical
- breakdown of
molecules of food through
saliva
Esophagus
- muscular tube connecting
the mouth to the stomach
Stomach
- most mechanical digestion happens
and some chemical through digestive juices
Small intestine
- most chemical digestion
takes place and absorption of nutrients
Large intestine
- where water is
absorbed in bloodstream and
some material readied
for elimination
Rectum
- waste material is
compressed into solid form
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
:
Functions
moves oxygen from outside
environment into the body
removes carbon dioxide
and water from the body
Path of Air
nose
pharynx
trachea
bronchi
alveoli
Diaphragm
- large dome-shaped
muscle used in breathing
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
aka cardiovascular system
Function
: carries needed substances
to cells and carries wastes away from cells
Heart
- hollow, muscular organ that
pumps blood throughout the body
Blood
- composed
of 4 parts
Plasma
- liquid part of blood
Red blood cells
- take up oxygen in
the lungs and deliver in to cells
White blood cells
- the
body's disease fighters
Platelets
- cell fragments
used in forming blood cells
Blood vessels
arteries
- carries oxygen-rich
blood AWAY from the heart
capillaries
- small blood vessels where
materials exchanged between blood
and body's cells
veins
- carries oxygen-poor
blood back TO the heart
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Functions
receives information about what is
happening inside and outside the body
directs the way your body
responds to this information
helps maintain homeostasis
Central Nervous
System (organs)
brain
- controls most
functions in body
cerebrum
- interprets input from the senses,
controls movement of skeletal muscles,
and complex mental processes
cerebellum -
coordinates muscle
actions and balance
brainstem (medulla) -
controls
involuntary actions
spinal cord
- link between
brain and rest of the body
Peripheral Nervous System
neurons
- specialized in transferring
messages through fast-moving
electrical energy
Path of nerve impulse
: sensory neuron,
spinal cord, brain, spinal cord, and motor neuron
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Functions
provides barrier
against pathogens
defends the body
against pathogen
Lines of Defense
First line of
defense (barriers)
skin
- pathogens fall
of with dead skin cells
mucus and cilia
- trap and remove
pathogens that enter the respiratory
system
sneezing
- force pathogens
out of the body
saliva
- destructive chemicals
Second line of defense
- inflammatory
response that uses phagocytes to
destroy the pathogen
Third line of defense
immune system
has specific targets
B-cells
- type of lymphocyte that
produces antibodies to destroy
each kind of pathogen
T-cells
- identify pathogens and tell
apart using the pathogen's antigens
Preventing Infectious Diseases
active immunity
- occurs if person's
immune system produces antibodies in
response to a pathogen
passive immunity -
antibodies to fight
a disease which their body did not make it
