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physics revision, wires - Coggle Diagram
physics revision
density and volume
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To use a Eureka can, fill it with water until it reaches the spout. Place a measuring cylinder under the spout, then submerge the irregular object. The displaced water flows into the cylinder, indicating the object's volume. For density, divide the object's mass (using a balance) by its volume.
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wires in a plug
earth
The earth wire is crucial for safety, as it redirects excess current to the ground, preventing electric shocks and protecting appliances.
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solid, liquid and gasses.
gasses
Particles in gases are far apart and move freely in all directions. They are in constant, rapid motion, which means gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume—they expand to fill their container.
solids
Particles in solids are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement, often forming a regular pattern. They vibrate in place but don’t move around, which gives solids a definite shape and volume.
liquids
In liquids, particles are still close together, but they can slide past one another, allowing liquids to flow. They don’t have a fixed shape but take the shape of their container, while maintaining a definite volume.
radioactivity
Beta Particles: These are electrons with a small mass and negative charge. They can travel farther than alpha particles but can't pass through the entire body.
Gamma Rays: These are electromagnetic waves, not particles, and they have no mass or charge. Due to their extremely high energy, gamma rays can travel significant distances and penetrate most materials, including the human body.
Alpha Particles: These are heavy particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons. They have a large charge and don't travel far—alpha particles can't even penetrate a sheet of paper.
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internal energy
Internal energy refers to the total energy contained within a system due to the movement and interactions of its particles. It includes two main components
gravitational potential
Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy are often exchanged in systems where objects move under the influence of gravity. Here are some examples:
Pendulum Motion: In a swinging pendulum, gravitational potential energy is highest at the peak of its swing, where it momentarily stops. As it swings downward, this energy is converted into kinetic energy
Free Fall: When an object falls freely under gravity, its gravitational potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases
Object Projected Upwards: When a ball is thrown upwards, its kinetic energy is converted into gravitational potential energy as it rises.
thermistors
The change in resistance is due to the thermistor's material properties, which respond to temperature variations at the molecular level.
resolution
Resolution refers to the smallest measurable or distinguishable unit that an instrument or tool can detect. For your ruler example, having a 1mm resolution means it can measure distances as small as 1 millimeter
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