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Animal research - Coggle Diagram
Animal research
Ethical issues
Replacement - where possible animals should be replaced with alternatives such as simulations and only used where necessary
Reduction - number of animals used should be minimised as much as possible. Also try to use animals which are less sentient so experience less distress.
Refinement - ensure procedure ensures minimal harm and distress is caused to the animals and ensuring they are looked after properly
Disposal - animals should be looked after and ideally given to a good home once research is completed. If necessary they should be put down in a painless procedure.
Animal care - should be treated ethically throughout study - given enough food and water, enough space and companions, and comfortable housing
This is the law according to the Animal Scientific Act so must be followed by researchers
Cost-benefit analysis - Bateson's cube considered quality of scientific research, benefit to society, and ethical cost
Is the research worth if for the benefit of the outcomes??
Practical issues
Can more easily control extraneous variables such as environmental factors are easier to control increasing validity
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A lot less complex than humans - language, emotion, nervous system etc. Means that there is a danger in generalising findings using animals to humans.
Learning
Pavlov's dogs
Bad:
- Dogs harnessed and kept in enclosed spaces
- Surgical procedure - risk of infection etc.
- Starved the dogs so they were hungry
- Could have used less sentient animals such as rats
- Used around 35 dogs - could have reduced this
Good:
- Did not have guidelines at that time
- Worth it for the benefit of the research?
- Better than using apes or monkeys
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