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Muscular systems - Coggle Diagram
Muscular systems
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Muscle contractions
- Isotonic - muscle chnages length to produce movement e.g. squat, curl, sprint
- Concentric - muscle shortens under tension e.g. upward phase of bicep curl
- Eccentric - muscle lengthens under tension e.g. lowering phase of curl
- Isometric - muscle contracts but does not change length e.g. wall sit, plank, holding a weight still
Joints
- Joint - synovial hinge
- Articulating bones - Femur + tibia
- Movement:
- flexion: decreasing angle between femur + tibia
- extension: increasing the angle to straighten the leg
- Agonist
- flexion - hamsring group - biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
- extension - quadriceps group - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
- Antagonist - opposite of above depending on movement
- Joint - synovial hinge
- Articulating bones - tibia, fibula, talus
- Movement:
- dorsiflexion - lifting foot upwards
- plantar flexion - pointing foot downwards
- Agonist:
- dorsiflexion - tibialis anterior
- plantar flexion - gastrocnemius + soleus
- Joint - synovial hinge joint
- Articulating bones - humerus, radius + ulna
- Movement:
- flexion - bending elbow
- extension - straightening elbow
- Agonist muscles:
- flexion - biceps brachii
- extension - triceps brachii
- Joint - synovial ball + socket
- Articulating bones - humerus + scapula
- Movement:
- flexion/extension - arm forward/back
- abduction/adduction - away/toward body
- rotation - turning in/out
- circumduction - circular motion
Roles of muscles
- Agonist - the prime mover - contracts to produce movement e.g. Biceps brachia in bicep curl
- Antagonist - opposes the agonist - relaxes to allow movement e.g. triceps brachia during the same curl
- Fixator - stabalises the origin of the agonist e.g. deltoid holding the shoulder steady during curl
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- Full movement analysis template:
- Joint type
- Articulating bones
- Movement pattern
- Agonist muscle
- Antagonist muscle
- type of contraction