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Power Generation in New Zealand - Coggle Diagram
Power Generation in New Zealand
Current and future power generation needs
Security of supply
Climate change risk - low rain fall impacts hydro supply
Cost
Reliable
High spot prices when hydro storage lakes are low and lower gas levels, wind generation, etc.
Predictable
Potential upgrade of transmission costs
Emissions targets
Renewable
Currently 80-85% renewable. However emissions still from vehicles/boilers, bringing overall consumption of fossil fuels to 60-70%
Predicted to reach 98.3% by 2050
Fossil fuels
Hydro still requires some fossil fuels to operate.
Removal of fossil fuels leads to less deaths
Nuclear Energy?
Efficient, cheap, safe and can be placed close to the major users of the energy produced.
Increased demand due to changing technology and business targets.
Look beyond use of electricity to all forms of energy use, eg cars, boilers, etc
New users of energy such as data farms.
Proximity of generation to demand
Conflict of interest between govt and users. Govt owned generators get higher prices when supply is limited, making generation more profitable.
Methods of power generation NZ has now
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar
6% by 2035
Wind
6% currently
Where we use fossil fuels
Advantages and drawbacks for each
Proximity of supply to demand
Future of power generation
Demand
Wholesale market
Location of generation
Other factors to consider are energy density, storage, distribution, dispatchability, scalability, enviro impacts, production costs and financing, EROI
Balance of generation methods
Also Green Hydrogen
Biomass
The question of nuclear energy
Small module reactors due to scalability and safety
Overcome public perception and high initial costs
Also new technology of MSR's and HTGR's