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BONE HEALTH, = low [Ca] - Coggle Diagram

- - - - skin colour, age, spf, pollution
  - - - increase in plants due to phytic acid
  - - - calcitol?
    - - 5-10 min, 2-3x per week
      - may - sept
      - no toxicity risk through
  - - - legs are impaired
      - children are prone
    - - soft bones due to improper development.
  - - - inactive, hydroxylated form enters the liver and is activated in the kidney
- - - - increases Ca supplement = decreased absorption
        
        recommended = 500mg
      - different [] of Ca
        
        changes bioavailability
      - at low Ca, Fe and Mg levels, supplements decrease abs of Fe and Mg
        
        taken before bed, more loss of ca from bone into urine
    - - decreased need
      - lack of hormones
      - age
  - - - low Ca = high BP
    - - needed to make fibrin
  - - - damage to blood tissue
      - affects those with kidney diseases
- - - - Ca can be replaced by Mg, Cr, Fe
      - P can be replaced by S
- - - - brown build up on teeth
      - plaque
- - - - menaquinone
    - - physsoquinone
  - - - antibiotics decrease synthesis
  - - - inhibits EZ
  - - - lack of gut microbiota
      - lack of formula preparation
      - lack in moms breast milk
    - - topical cream
- - - - osteoclast
        
        found on bone and demineralize the bone
        
        resorption
        
        ALLold bone is broken down in order to make new bone
        
        then new bone is formed
        
        exercise helps them remain active
      - osteoblast
  - - - found on bone and build up to form new bone
      - formation
- - - - low intake = loss from bone to restore blood Ca
      - might have sufficient in blood but not enough in bone
  - - - inhibits vitamin D absorption
      - decreases absorption in the small intestines
      - inhibits reabsorption in the kidneys
      - decreases osteoclast activity
        
        low calcitonin
  - - - enhances Vit D absorption
      - Vit D increases absorption in the small intestine
      - Vit D and PTHincreases reabsorption in the kidneys
      - VIT D and PTH++increases osteoclast activity = higher [Ca]
        
        decreases PTH
- - - - menstruation
      - anorexia
      - infertility
      - estrogen levels
        
        decrease = less Ca absorption
    - - cannot eat as much or well
    - - testosterone
        
        affect Ca absorption
    - - malnutrition
      - lack of Vitamin D
      - lack of Ca
      - lack of F
      - PROTEIN
    - - hormone
        
        increases absorption and osteoblast activity
      - exercise
        
        increases hormone levels and osteoblast activity
      - BODY WEIGHT
      - Smoking
        
        toxic to bone
        
        decreased nutrient/food intake
        
        skinnier = less hormone
      - Alcoholic
        
        less nutrient density vit D
        
        more falls,
        
        slow bone growth
      - genetics and race
  - - - regular menstruation
      - adequate intake of Ca2+, Vit D,, Vit K, Mg, F, P
      - physical exercise
  - - - estrogen
- - - - more through loss of fluid rena disease
- - - - depends on mineral density
        
        measured by
        
        DEXA
        
        T score compared to score T score of a 30 year old with the same gender and Race
        
        -1 to 1 = normal
        
        -2.5 to -1
        
        osteopenia
        
        less than -2.5
        
        osteoporosis