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C6/C9 chemical reactions/industrial inorganic chemistry/C1 planet earth -…
C6/C9 chemical reactions/industrial inorganic chemistry/C1 planet earth
metal extraction through carbon reduction
steel(alloy)=mainly iron with 0.2% &1.5% carbon
make iron stronger
iron from hematite(Fe2O3) through reduction in blast furnace
loaded with charge(iron ore, coke, limestone)
carge is sintered
Fe2O+3CO->2Fe+3CO2(reduction of ore)
to remove impurities
limestone(CaCo3-heat->lime(CaO)+CO2
CaO+SiO2(silica)->CaSio(calcium silicate)
hot gas escapes from top, used to heat incoming air, less energy required
iron rusting
when attacked by air, water, etc, metal corrodes(type changes by metal)
salt/acid rain increases rate
prevention: painting,oiling,greasing,plastic coating, electroplating,galvanising,sacrificial protection
copper from copper pyrytes(CufeS2
if refined by electrolysis used in elec wiring
extraction by electrolysis
mine ore, purify ore, electrolysis of molten ore
bauxite(alluminium ore)
ammonia(ferilizers and explosives)
from nitrogen gas(unreactive)
ammonium nitrate(35% by mass of nitrogen)
ammonia+nitric acid->ammonium nitrate
recycling metals
conserves raw materials
uses less energy
avoids need to bury in landfill
aluminium
expensive to extract
recycled save 95% energy
steel
easier to recycle cause magnetic
clean air composition
nitrogen78%oxygen21%argon0.9%other gases(CO2,etc)0.1%
pollution
photochemical smog causes breathing problems
carbon monoxide highly toxic gas
oxides of nitrogen dissolve in rainwater=acid rain
catalytic converters help remove
gasses passed through heated honycombed bed of transition metal catalysts=many reactions