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isolation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - this could be in reference to the poem A Thousand Splendid Suns - the poem can be initially interpreted as showing all of the wonderful properties of Kabul and it's women. But the 'bars of sunlight' would suggest that it now refers to the culture in Afghanistan that aggressively (shown by the verb 'slashed') confines and isolates illegitimate people like Mariam from having true freedom.
    - - Mariam too has an isolated death. Before she is executed, she is told to '[quote]' and "[quote]" Mariam's one choice to breakout of the patriarchal society - by killing Rasheed - ends in her being punished for his sins.
      - Mariam is told to "kneel" by the Talib man. her kneeling has further religious connotations. The fact that her final action is being forced to kneel by the Talib man, suggests how Mariam's life of isolation and isolated death is due to the Taliban's abuse of the Islamic faith in order to oppress women.
      - Her unjustified, isolated death is in conformance to the cultural expectations of society.
  - - - From a sociological perspective Hardy could use the term 'clap-net' to infer that there was intention to trap her (the bird) within this 'net' - This parallels how Angel left for Brazil to intentionally isolates her, and because of this he has all the control over her as his wife, so he can make her suffer, just like a sadistic person using a clap-net to catch birds.
    - - This imagery is furthered by Liza-Lu and Angel's "[quote]'", Hardy's comparison to the 1300's Catholic Church makes contextual reference to two of Jesus disciples walking along the road of Emmaus after leaving him to be executed.
      - This reference to the original Catholic Church highlights how this systemic fundamental issue and it's affects on people in society (like Angel who isolates Tess) is rooted at the heart of Christianity
    - - Tess is betrayed by men, nature and society holistically which makes her death even more tragic as she dies alone, isolated. By end of the book she is presented as an isolated individual, trapped and isolated by the patriarchal society to face the punishment of other peoples sins (Alec)
      - This isolated death parallels the death of Jesus - who innocently took on the punishment of everyone's sins after being left by his disciples, this parallel to Jesus shows the unjust isolation and punishment by society and the influential Church.
  - - - "Tess was essentially pure - purer than many a so-called unsullied virgin" Hardy
- - - - The burqa represents the oppression of women. This is physically symbolic of the silencing of women, as it limits their freedom and isolates them - which creates a social barrier between Mariam and the rest of society, as intended by Rasheed.
      - The word pleated infers that the material is made tighter in its design, this could be emblematic for how Hosseini feels society is already filled with masculine hegemony.
    - - Burqas are an extra unnecessary level of isolation that renders a women nothing more than her husband's wife - makes a woman lose all identity they have. The burqa physically symbolises the isolation of women by men - by their manipulation of the Islamic faith
  - - - The isolated positioning of sorrow in the grave yard is emblematic of the isolation of people who are institutionally illegitimate within society. Because of the theocratic influence on society, people who do not match the expectations of the Church, are outcast and isolated from the rest of Victorian society (suggesting the theme of the other).
      - This neglection of the other by the Church highlights the hypocrisy of Christianity and how it goes against God's supposed omnibenevolence
      - The use of nettles suggests some twisted manipulation of nature to symbolically show how those who do not conform to the Churches expectations or are deemed institutionally illegitimate will upon death face eternal suffering inflicted by God.
      - This could be Hardy criticising God's use of Hell to punish those who do not choose to sin like Sorrow and Tess but are inherently forced to by their isolation within society.
  - - - "the Taliban style oppression of women in certain regions of Afghanistan existed long before the Taliban." Hosseini
    - - "social conventions and contrivances – the artificial forms of living" – Hardy wanted to see these "demolished".
- - - - Reinforces the villainising of women in society; they are seen as the source of problems and man is excused for wanting to get away from them.
      - Tess is seen as unvirtuous for a crime inflicted upon her that wasn't her fault - her impurity forces Angel to isolate himself from her.
    - - ironically her class made her the pastoral idyll he so desperately desired but because she is not the "[quote]" he anticipated he feels obliged to isolate himself from her.
    - - Marxist
        
        Angel does this because he is from the upper-class and he is ignorant to the struggle that Tess has gone through and uses the divide in class as an excuse for the isolation, highlighted in the quote, "different societies, different nature" he blames Tess class,
      - Sociological
        
        Angel looks upon her as an imposter, because she has lost the institutional legitimacy that comes with virginal purity - this perspective is a heavy influence of the Church.
  - - - Jalil is lustful and then creates illegitimate children who will suffer societal exile all their lives. The word harami highlights through the Afghan/Farsi voice, the cultural stigmatization that haunts Jalil and impinges on his status within the upper-class, which in turn, forces him to isolate Mariam from his "[quote]".
      - The Bildungsroman form reflects how Mariam's formative years are plagued by this illegitimacy, and she is isolated by her real father as she is unwanted in his eyes. This illegitimacy is married with the patriarchal hypocrisy in Afghan society, and Mariam is dealt even more injustice for personality traits beyond her control
    - - At the start of the novel Hosseini describes Mariam playing with 10 pebbles, "[quote]", the solitary pebble metaphorically symbolises how Mariam will never truly be part of Jalil's family, and she will always remain isolated in her own 'column'.