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traditional food of animal origin 4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - hatchery farms--> The sexing of our animal is very complex, it is complicated to recognize males and
        females based on their external characteristics
      - ovosexing--> possibility of changing sex
      - trasporting
        
        code of farmer--> identification
        code of farmer, code of the shed and date of arrival of the animals at the farm.
        
        they are identified at group level -> practical motivation
        
        farmed animals-->
        
        mixed sex or females--> 35 days, small chicken (1.8 kg)--> small size
        
        mixed sex or males--> 42-45 days, 2.3-2.5 kg--> meat preparation or products, whole chicken
        
        males--> 2 months, over 3 kg--> heavy size
        
        poultry farms--> 12 cycles for a year
        
        light is important
        
        important the temperature (not cold), high umidity (60%)
        
        starter phase--> most critical--> chickens quadruplicate weight
        
        grower phase--> 11- 28 days--> not so critical
        
        finisher phase--> 59 days, fat phase
        
        organic farming--> longer, difficult to maintain, no antibiotics
        
        broiler breeds--> of highly selected hybrids
        
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- - - - EXPOSED FLASH
      - DISJOINTED AND BROKEN BONES: in B not a normal position.
        MISSING PARTS: in carcass A no missing parts, in B yes.
  - - - GRINDING of the meat, in
        particular of the breast and thigh--> mixed ground. MARINATING--> dough--> goes to forming--> differenti types of shapes
        
        TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGY--> waterfall batter and tempura batter. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY
        
        spiral oven cooking--> Maximization of the amount of product ,Increase in product yield (↑recovering of rendered fat). (↑uniformity in cooking T) Improvement in energy efficiency. Enhancement in food safety
        
        marketing--> code of slaught. code of farm, area of slaught., code of farming, area to live
- - - - birdhouse farming--> 20 hens/m^2
      - barn-farning--> g density = 7-9 hens/m^2, large sheds with litter floor
      - battery-cage farming--> prohibited in 2012
      - free range farming--> organic farming, no OGM, rid rules
    - - pullets fase--> 5 months of sexual maturity. After this--> 1 year for eggs production in 52 weeks. At the end--> slaughtering or forced moulti
      - Oviposition rate (%) = [(laid eggs in the observation period) / (laying hens × observation period lenght)] ×
        100
        
        Around 24-28 weeks of age of the animal--> oviposition rate of 95%
        
        At 76-78 weeks-->
        85- 90%
        
        At 40-44 weeks--> around 90%
        
        egg structure--> yolk (50% of proteins), vitelline membrane. Albumen B2 vitamin
        
        At the level of the uterus--> egg shell--> CaCO3 (calcium carbonate); 10%. Outer and inner membrane
        
        shape--> acute pole and obtuse pole. Abnormal shell, with evident ripples and too thin areas -> animal experience and oviposition stress
        
        Ultrastructure: we can see a cuticle immediately over the shell. Pores for the respiration
        
        Inside we have palisade tissue and testaceous
        membrane
        
        colour
        
        Cleaning: immersion in cleaning and disinfectant solutions with anti-foam (40-45°C)
        
        Visible defects: rippled eggs--> poor albumen quality or presence of viral diseases or eggs with additional calcium deposits. Egg swellings (stress), corrugated eggs (two eggs)
        
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