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(ECG Interpretation) - Coggle Diagram
ECG Interpretation
P Wave
Absent
Rhythm Regular: Atrial Fibrillation (no P waves, irregular rhythm)
Rhythm Irregular: Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter (no P waves, irregular rhythm)
Present
Normal P Wave
Rhythm Regular
Sinus Rhythm (normal heart rate, normal rhythm)
Sinus Tachycardia (heart rate > 100 bpm, normal rhythm)
Sinus Bradycardia (heart rate < 60 bpm, normal rhythm)
Rhythm Irregular
Atrial Fibrillation (no P wave, irregular rhythm)
-
Abnormal P Wave
Rhythm Regular: Premature Atrial Contraction (extra P wave, early beat)
Rhythm Irregular: Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter (irregular rhythm, no consistent P wave)
PR Interval
-
Shortened (< 120 ms): Pre-excitation Syndrome (e.g., WPW syndrome, early impulse)
-
ST Segment
Elevated
Broad-based: Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEMI, heart attack)
-
-
-
T Wave
-
Inverted
-
II, III, aVF: Inferior Ischemia (reduced blood flow to lower part of the heart)
I, aVL, V5, V6: Lateral Ischemia (reduced blood flow to the sides of the heart)
QT Interval
Prolonged (> 450 ms in men, > 460 ms in women): Long QT Syndrome (increased risk of arrhythmias)
Shortened: Hypercalcemia (high calcium in blood), Digoxin Toxicity (effect of medication on the heart)
U Wave
Present: Hypokalemia (low potassium), Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium)
Prominent: Brugada Syndrome (genetic condition, risk of sudden arrhythmia)
Axis Deviation
Left Axis Deviation: Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB), Inferior Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Right Axis Deviation: Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB), Acute Right Ventricular Strain (pressure on the right side of the heart)