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Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Endocrine System
Major Functions of the Endocrine System
Definition: System of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.
Key Functions:
Growth and development
Metabolism and energy production
Reproduction and fertility
Maintenance of homeostasis (internal balance)
Response to stress
Major Endocrine Glands/Organs and Their Functions
By Region/Body Cavity:
Pituitary Gland:
Location: Base of the brain
Hormones: Growth hormone (GH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), etc.
Function: Often called the "master gland," it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands.
Thyroid Gland:
Location: Neck
Hormones: Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3)
Function: Regulates metabolism.
Adrenal Glands:
Location: Above the kidneys
Hormones: Cortisol, Aldosterone, Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Function: Produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.
Pancreas:
Location: Abdomen
Hormones: Insulin, Glucagon
Function: Regulates blood sugar levels.
Ovaries (in females) and Testes (in males):
Location: Pelvic region
Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone (in females), Testosterone (in males)
Function: Regulates reproductive processes and secondary sexual characteristics.
Homeostatic Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation
Negative Feedback:
Example: Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.
Process: A stimulus (high blood glucose) triggers a response (insulin release) that counteracts the stimulus (by lowering blood glucose), thus maintaining homeostasis.
Positive Feedback:
Example: Childbirth and the release of oxytocin.
Process: A stimulus (the onset of labor) triggers a response (oxytocin release) that amplifies the stimulus (intensifying contractions), leading to the birth of the baby.
Compare and Contrast Steroid vs. Non-Steroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones:
Examples: Cortisol, Aldosterone, Testosterone, Estrogen
Characteristics: Lipid-soluble, can pass through cell membranes, bind to intracellular receptors.
Non-Steroid Hormones:
Examples: Insulin, Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Growth hormone (GH)
Characteristics: Water-soluble, cannot pass through cell membranes, bind to receptors on the cell surface.
Hormones Produced, Their Functions, and Target Organs
Example: Insulin
Produced by: Pancreas
Function: Lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
Target Organ: Various cells throughout the body, particularly in the liver, muscles, and fat tissue.
Diseases Associated with the Endocrine System
Example: Diabetes Mellitus
Cause: Insufficient production of insulin or insulin resistance.
Symptoms: High blood glucose levels, increased thirst and urination, weight loss.
Treatment: Insulin therapy, lifestyle changes (diet and exercise), medications.