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1970-1992 (Self-Determination) - Coggle Diagram
1970-1992 (Self-Determination)
Self Determinism
1970 Pledge to return Indian lands
= Land gradually returning to NAs
1972 Employment
= NAs prioritised in employment opportunities in Bureau of Indian Affairs to ensure grater Indian leadership
1969 Appointing of NAs
= Nixon paved the way for his reforms by appointing an NA as Commissioner for Indian Affairs
Indian Self-Determination Act 1975
Federal government finally abandoned their belief of assimilation
Tribes can negotiate contracts with Bureau of Indian Affairs to take responsibility for their own education and health etc
Tribes closer to self-sufficiency
Indian Education Assistance Act
Gave American-Indian parents greater involvement in their children's education through membership of their school boards
American Indian Policy Review 1975
Set up to review historical and legal relationship between federal government and American Indians
Native American Religious Freedom Act 1978
Stimulated action to recover sacred objects as well as human remains located in museums or in allotted lands
Indian Child Welfare Act 1978
Determined the rights of NA parents in continuing practice of forcibly removing Indian children from their families
Interpreted as parental neglect
Occupation of Mount Rushmore 1971
Attempt to reassert disputed ownership of sacred burial grounds of Lakota Sioux Indians
AIM protesters established a camp in the area and named it Mount Crazy Horse
The protestors were eventually evicted and ownership of the territory is still disputed
AIM takes over Bureau of Indian Affairs 1972
Aimed to raise awareness on the unjust treatment of NAs
Intended to be a peaceful protest, violence broke out when attempts were made to evict the protestors
Occupation of Wounded Knee 1973
Site of the massacre back in 1890, so it was a highly evocative place for all Indians
Protested following the allegations of suspected corrupt financial dealings and maltreatment of Indian inhabitants by the reservation president
Violent occupation, lasted for 71 days
Acted out with full media coverage
Ended with a negotiated settlement
Pine Ridge Reservation 1975
During a shooting incident, two FBI agents and an NA protester were shot and killed
An AIM member was tried and found guilty of murder
A US Judge later blamed the federal authorities for overreacting