Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Karlie Casillas P.5 Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Karlie Casillas P.5 Endocrine System
Major functions of the endocrine system
Reproduction
Growth and Development
Maintenance of electrolyte, water and nutrient balance of blood
Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
Mobilization of body defenses
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions
Exocrine glands:
- produce nonhormonal substances (examples: sweater, saliva)
endocrine glands
- produce hormones - lack ducts
Endocrine glands:
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands
Hypothalamus is neurodencorine organ
Some have exocrine and endocrine functions- pancreas, gonads, placenta
Other issues and organs that produce homres are - Adipose cells, thymys, and cells in walls of small intestine, stomach, kidneys and heart
Hypothalamus
is connected to pituitary gland via stalk called infundibulum
Pituary secretes at least eight major hormones
It has two major lopbes: -
Posteior pituary
: composef of neural tissue that secretes neurohormones
Posterior lobe
, along with infundibulum make up the neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary:
consists of glandular tissue
Posteior Pituary and Hypothalamic Hormones
Oxytocin and ADH
- each composed of nine amino acids - almost identical but different in two amino acids
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
-Growth Hormone (GH)
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH
-Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone (GH)
- has direct actions on metabolism and indirect growth-promoting actions
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- stimulates normal development and secretory activity of thyroid
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
Follice-stimulating (FSH)
- stimulates production of gametes (egg or sperm)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- promotes production of gonadal hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
- secreted by anterior pituiatary
Steriod vs. non-steriod hormones
Two main classes of hormones:
- Amino acid-based and hormones steroids
-
Amino acid-based hormes:
Amino acid, derivatives, peoetides and proteins
Water Soluble
Steroids
: Synthesized from choleserol , gonadal and adrenocortical hormes
Lipid solulbe
Target cells:
tissues with receptors for a specific hormone
Hormones alter target cell activity
Though hormones circulate systemically, only cells with receptors for that hormone are affected
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Blood levels of hormones - controlled by
negative feedback systems
Increased hormone effects on target organs ca n inhibits further hormone release
Levles vary only withing narrow, desrrabke range
hormone release is triggered by
Endorince gland stimuli
Nerbous system modulation
Endocrine Gland Stimuli
: are stimulated to synthesize and release hormones in response gto one of three stimuli
Humoral stimuli (changed in blood levels of ions and nutrients)
Neural stimuli (nerve fibers stimulate hormone release)
Hormonal stimuli (hormones stimulate other endocrine organs)
Nervous System Modulation
: Nervous system can make adjustments to hormone levels when needed- can modify stimulation of endocrine glands
Nerbous System can override normal endocrine controls - Example: under severe stress, hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous sysystem override insulin to allow blood glucose levels to increase
prepare body to "
fight or flight"
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Diabetes Insipidus
- ADH deficiency due to damage to Hypothalamus or posterior pituitary - Must keep well hydrated
Gigantism
which is hypersecretion of GH and is usually caused by anterior pituitary tumor and can reach heights of 8 feet
Hyposecretion of GH in children results in
pituary dwarfism
Hyposecretion
of TH in adults can lead to myxedema - symptoms include low metabolic rate, thick and or dry skin, puffy eyes, feeling chilled
Calcitonin
produced by parafollicular cells in response to high CA2+ levels
Antagonist to parathyroid hormone (PTH)