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Genetics - study of inheritance - Coggle Diagram
Genetics - study of inheritance
Genes - DNA sequences that codes for proteins
genome - set of instructions
exome - protein encoding genes of the genome (2% of bases of genome)
Karyotype - appearance of the complete set of chromosomes
Autosomes: determine traits (not sex related). Sex Chromosomes:(XX XY). Alleles: various forms of a gene
Genotype: combination of alleles. Phenotype: appearace of a trait.
Types of alleles: Dominant and Recessive
Medelian - how traits are passed from parents to offspring
Codominance: both alleles are expressed
Polygenic: traits determinded by more than one gene
pleiotropy: 1 gene contributes to several traits
chromosomal inheritance: inheritance of a trait through entire chromosomes
sex linked traits: genes on sex chromosomes
X and Y linked traits
Intersex: incomplete sex reversal
Penetrance: all or none expression. Expressivity: degrees of a phenotype.
aneuploidy
Euploid: normal number of chromosomes
Aneuploid: missing or too many chromosomes
Polyploidy: drastic upset in chromosome
autosomal aneuploidy: intellectual disabliity
Trisomy: extra chromosome. Monosomy: missing chromosome
sex chromosome aneuploids: less affected
incomplete penetrace: extra fingers
genetic heterogeneity?
A term that describes when different gene mutations (changes) cause the same disease or condition
genetic heterogeneity: 1 phenotype results from different genes
multifactorial: influenced by multiple genes and the environment
Nondisjunction is when chromosome pairs do not separate during meiosis
homozygous" refers to having two identical alleles for a specific trait, while "heterozygous" means having two different alleles
ematic body cell has 2 copies of each chromosome
haploids have 23 chromosomes
somatic body cells have 46 chromosomes. (Somatic cells have two copies of the genes carried on autosomes.
modes of inheritance: genes transmitted within families
Alleles - forms of genes
punnett square: show outcomes of genetic cross
Codominant: both alleles of a heterozygote are expressed
codominance and multiple alleles (3) shows ABO blood type
Euploidy: normal chromosomes number
Translocation is the movement of part of a chromosome to a different chromosome