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Marisol Matias Period: 5 Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Marisol Matias Period: 5 Endocrine System
Major Functions of the Endocrine System
Controls:
reproduction
-growth & development
maintenance of electrolyte, water, & nutrient balance of blood
regulation of cellular metabolism & energy balance
mobilization of body defenses
Major Endocrine Glands/Organs and their Functions
Cranial Cavity
Pineal Gland
Melatonin:
Targets the brain; functions in regulation of the circadian rhythm
Anterior Pituitary
Growth Hormone (GH):
Targets all body cells; stimulates increase in size & division of body cells
Prolactin (PRL):
Targets mammary glands; sustains milk production after birth.
Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH):
Targets thyroid; controls secretion of hormones in the thyroid.
Adrenocorticosterioid Hormone (ACTH):
Targets adrenal cortex; controls secretion of certain hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH):
Targets ovaries & Testes; responsible for egg development, stimulates production of sperm
Lutenizing Hormone (LH):
Targets ovaries & testes; promotes secretion of sex hormones, plays role in releasing an egg
Posterior Pituitary
Antidiuteric Hormone (ADH):
Targets kidneys; conserves water and in high concentrations, it constricts blood vessels
Oxytocin (OT):
Targets the uterus and mammary glands; it contracts smooth muscle in uterine wall and contracts myoepithelial cells
Abdominal Cavity
Adrenal Glands
Inner medulla:
Releases epinephrine (adrenaline); acts with sympathetic NS. Also releases norepinephrine; acts along epinephrine
Outer cortex:
Releases cortisol; slows down action of defense cells, controls inflammation. Also releases aldosterone; maintains salt water levels, and maintains BP
Pancreas
Insulin:
targets liver; lowers blood glucose
Glucagon:
Targets liver; breaks down glycogen into glucose. releases glucose into blood.
Thoracic Cavity
Thyroid:
Thyroxine (T4):
Targets every body cell; Increases metabolic rate, heat production, maintain BP
Triidothyronine (T3):
Targets most body cells; same effect as T4, just more potent.
Thymus
Thymosins:
Targets thymus; affects production & differentiation of T lymphocytes
Pelvic Cavity
Ovaries
Estrogen:
Target the placenta & ovaries; Regulates menstrual cycle, develops female secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone:
Targets ovaries & placenta; Supports pregnancy
Testes
Testosterone:
Targets testes; Stimulates sperm production, develops male secondary sex characteristics
Compare & Contrast Steroid vs Non Steroid and Lists of Hormones for each category
Steroid Hormones: Are synthesized from cholesterol and are lipid soluble
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Nonsteroid Hormone: Water-soluble; amino acid, derivatives, peptides, and proteins
Glucagon
Insulin
Epinephrine
T4
T3
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Homeostatic Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation
Negative Feedback:
"When a hormone causes a response in the body that
reduces or stops
its own production"
EX: falling TH levels stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
Positive Feedback:
"when a hormone causes a response that
increases
its own production, until a specific goal is reached"
EX: Rising TH levels provide positive feedback inhibition of TSH
Disorders associated with the Endocrine System
Addison's Disease
Due to hyposecretion
decrease in plasma glucose & Na+ levels
Leads to weight loss, severe dehydration, hypotension
Treatment: corticosteroid, replacement therapy
Hypothyroidism
Caused by poor development of the thyroid gland
Crushing's Syndrome
Due to hypersecretion
Depresses cartilage/bone formation & immune system
inhibits inflammation
disrupts neural, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal function
signs: "moon" face & buffalo bump
Diabetes Mellitus
can be due to hyposecretion of insulin: Type 1
Can be due to hypoactivity of insulin: Type 2
Signs: Polyuria, polydipsia,, polyphagia
Gigantism
Hyposecretion of GH caused by anterior pituitary tumor
Results in children
can reach heights of 8ft
Acromegaly
Hyposecretion of GH caused by anterior pituitary tumor
In adults
overgrowth of hands, feet, & face
Pituitary dwarsfism
In children
No problems in adults
Due to hyposecretion of GH
Diabetes insidipus
ADH deficiency due to damage to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary
Must keep hydrated
Goiter
Due to lack of iodine
thyroid enlarges
Myxedema
Due to hyposecretion of the thyroid hormone (TH)