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BLOOD - Coggle Diagram

- - - - albumins
        
        maintain osmotic pressure
        
        transport protein for hormones, metabolites, drugs
      - globulins
        
        nonimmune: transport metal ions, protein bound lipids, lipid soluble vitamins
        
        immune: antibodies for host defense (*produces by plasma cells)
      - complement proteins
        
        destruction of micro-organisms
      - clotting factors (fibrinogens)
      - plasma lipoproteins
        
        transport of triglycerides and cholesterol to/form liver
      - all plasma proteins are produced by liver cells (expect immune globulins)
  - - - erythrocytes
        
        aka red blood cells
        
        life span 120 days
        
        shape and size: bi-concave disk 7,5 microm, maximal cell surface area,
        
        makes gas exchange easier
        
        flexible cell to pass through small capillaries 3-4 micrometers
        
        appearance in in smear: pink circle with light center
        
        erythrocytes have no nucleus to have more cytoplasm, (nucleus is destroyed)
        cytoplasm of erythrocyte contains highly concentrated hemoglobin proteins,
        which contain iron ions,
        to provide transportation to oxygen efficiently (also carbon dioxide)
      - thrombocytes/ platelets
        
        life span: 10 days
        
        shape, size, origin: small biconvex disks 2-3-microm, not really cells, more like cytoplasmic fragments
        develop from mega karyocytes in bone marrow
        
        in smear: appear in clusters
        
        initiate blood clots
        
        help to close damaged blood vessels, but in case of bigger arteries etc additional blood clotting factors are needed
      - leukocytes (white blood cells)
        
        6k-8k cells/mm3 of blood
        
        don't function within blood stream but use blood for transportation to connective tissues
        
        classification
        
        granulocytes (contain specific granules in their cytoplasm)
        
        neutrophil
        
        polymorphonuclear leukocyte
        
        life span <1 week
        
        9-12 micrometer diameter
        
        function:
        
        primarily antibacterial
        
        pus is largely composed of dead neutrophils
        
        60-70%
        
        eosinophil
        
        life span: 2 weeks
        
        10-14 micrometers
        
        function: anti-parasitic activity,
        also inflammatory/allergic responses in tissues
        
        2-4%
        
        basophil
        
        <1% white blood cells
        
        similar function to mast cells but different stem cells
        
        specific granules contain: heparin and histamine
        anti-blood clotting and dilates small blood vessels
        
        agranulocytes (no specific granules)
        
        lymphocytes
        
        20-25% of wbc
        
        T and B-lymphocytes
        
        variable life span: up to years
        
        8-15 micrometers
        
        cellular and humoral immunity
        
        monocytes
        
        3-8% of wbc
        
        largest wbc, 15mm
        
        becomes macrophage