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How did Henry I unite the Anglo-Norman Kingdom? - Coggle Diagram
How did Henry I unite the Anglo-Norman Kingdom?
Henry's ability
Tinchebrai 1106
Ordered men to fight on foot - statement of intent as didn't want any retreats
Captured Robert, held in captivity for rest of his life, enables him to unite kingdom as releases men from fealty
Politically
Negotiation of the Treaty of Alton 1101 - in a worse position with Rob in England with an army being older and having crusading experience in a v good position, yet was able to get a better deal with Rob giving up all claim to England (richer and more resourceful)
Uses the Treaty of Alton to justify invading after Rob and Rob alliance 1104, prev no justification for invading
Flair for ruthlessness
Will II unable to unite in the same scenario, shown by peace at Rouen in 1091, lacking ability to take other over
Rob pleas for negotiation 1106 after Henry's advances in Normandy, Henry doesn't meet
Robert's inability
Misrule in Normandy
Important lots comes from Orderic Vitalis and he was huge supporter of Henry who needed reason to invade a land held by a legitimate leader, also lots of trouble in Normandy is around the area where his monastery is
1100 refuses to help Norman garrison at Le Mans under threat from Maine and Anjou as preparing for invasion of England, subsequently lose the territory
1102 loss to Rob Belleme at Vignats as unable to keep his men together due to the large support for Robert Belleme
1104 Henry arrives in Normandy and berates his brother for poor rule, this sets the justification for an invasion
Lack of ruthlessness
Shown by his absence from 1088 rebellion against Will II
1101 in England with a large army and support from English Magnates, in the stronger position
However, when meeting Henry in Alton 'feelings of brotherly love' - Orderic Vitalis overtook him and signs the Treaty of Alton which puts him in worse position renouncing his claim to England
England's superiority
Allowed for support to be bought from Castellans and Mercenaries in 1105, Castellans formed a bridgehead into Normandy
Force of 40,000 at Tinchebrai, significantly outnumbering Robert Curthose and the reason why Robert Belleme fled (although was a dodgy fella)
However important to note that Will II had the same resources yet was unable to unite the kingdom, thus ability of Henry most important
England far richer than Normandy
Collective will for a united kingdom
Maintenance of estates across the channel became impossible under 2 rulers, especially after Robert banned anyone who held his land from crossing the channel in 1104
Without the collective will to unite would have faced much more local opposition in Normandy, instead easily able to buy support
Anglo-Normans fed up with fighting and wanted to go back to the glory of the united kingdom that William I had
Intervention of Robert Belleme
Single most powerful Norman after the royal family
Exiled by Henry to Normandy following support for a Rob C invasion, now became Rob C problem
1102-1104 rebelling in Normandy, stalemate leads to a peace deal in 1104 where he becomes heir to Normandy
Broke the Treaty of Alton as Rob C had made peace with an enemy of Henry, gave Henry the excuse he needed to invade
In charge of the rear at Tinchebrai 1106 but his retreat 'effectively caused the battle to end', initially going v well for Rob C as pushing Henry back